Search results for "Valence"
showing 10 items of 2732 documents
Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Leishmania seropositivity in a sample population of Western Sicily (Italy)
2013
Background: Leishmania is a vector-borne parasite responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for Leishmania infantum seropositivity in a sample of Sicilian population.Methods: A total of 260 subjects were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and requested for an venous blood sample.Results: Overall, 36 subjects (13.8%) were seropositive against L. infantum with a statistically significant higher prevalence of positivity in older subjects (p=0.04). After adjustment for age, a higher risk for Leishmania seropositivity was found in subjects who had pets living outdoors and untreated with anti-p…
Signos y síntomas de adicción al cibersexo en adultos mayores
2019
El uso de Internet con objetivos sexuales resulta una práctica cada vez más generalizada en cualquier etapa vital. Si bien en la mayoría de casos el consumo se realiza de forma recreativa, en ocasiones éste puede sobrevenir compulsivo, incontrolado y asociado a un deterioro funcional en diversos ámbitos (adicción al cibersexo). Conocer los síntomas que caracterizan este cuadro clínico constituye una prioridad; sin embargo, disponemos de un pobre conocimiento acerca de su expresión en adultos mayores. Así, este trabajo se planteó con un doble objetivo: 1) analizar la prevalencia de adultos mayores en riesgo de desarrollar o que muestran un perfil patológico de uso del cibersexo y 2) elaborar…
Establishing Equivalence or Non-Inferiority in Clinical Trials
2012
Background: An increasing number of clinical trials are being performed to show the absence of relevant differences between the effects of two treatments. The primary care physician makes use of the results of so-called equivalence studies, at least indirectly, practically every day. Equally important are active control clinical trials in which the efficacy of a new treatment has to be proven through demonstrating non-inferiority as compared to a standard treatment. Methods: Explanation of basic principles and statistical techniques with reference to the original literature; selective searches in the medical literature. Results: First of all, a suitable distributional parameter must be chos…
Prevalence of lumbosacral radiculopathy in two Sicilian municipalities
2009
Objectives - As part of a door-to-door survey of neurologic diseases, we investigated the prevalence of lumbosacral radiculopathy (LR) in two Sicilian municipalities (N = 14,540, as of November 1, 1987). Material & methods - During phase 1, we administered a brief screening instrument to subjects in the study population. In phase 2, study neurologists using specified diagnostic criteria investigated those subjects who screened positive. Our case finding was restricted to subjects who manifested symptoms of LR in the six months preceding the prevalence day. Results - We found 143 subjects affected by LR (112 definite, 31 possible) yielding a crude prevalence of 9.8 cases per 1,000 population…
Motivācijas veida saistība ar emociju valenci fizisko aktivitāšu laikā.
2016
Maza sabiedrības daļa nodarbojas ar fiziskām aktivitātēm. Kā iemesls tam tiek minēts motivācijas trūkums. Pētījuma jautājums: vai motivācija nodarboties ar fiziskām aktivitātēm ir saistīta ar emociju izmaiņām fizisko aktivitāšu laikā? Pētījumā piedalījās 50 dalībnieki, vecumā no 20 līdz 59 gadiem. Motivācija tika mērīta ar Fizisko aktivitāšu motīvu mērījumu skalu (Motives for Physical Activity Measure- Revised (MPAM-R), 1997). Vitalitāte jeb subjektīvā labizjūta tika mērīta ar Subjektīvās vitalitātes skalām (Subjective Vitality scales, 1997). Fizisko aktivitāšu laikā tika fiksētas emociju izmaiņas izmantojot aparatūru “Face Reader 3.0”. Rezultāti liecina, ka atsevišķi motivācijas aspekti – …
Deconstructing and reconstructing resilience: a dynamic network approach
2019
Resilience is still often viewed as a unitary personality construct that, as a kind of anti-nosological entity, protects individuals against stress-related mental problems. However, increasing evidence indicates that the maintenance of mental health in the face of adversity results from complex and dynamic processes of adaptation to stressors that involve the activation of several separable protective factors. Such resilience factors can reside at biological, psychological and social levels and may include stable predispositions (such as genotype or personality traits) and malleable properties, skills, capacities or external circumstances (such as gene expression patterns, emotion regulatio…
Taking Familiar Others’ Perspectives to Regulate Our Own Emotion: An Event-Related Potential Study
2019
Current research on emotion regulation has mainly focused on Gross’s cognitive strategies for regulating negative emotion; however, little attention has been paid to whether social cognitive processes can be used to regulate both positive and negative emotions. We considered perspective-taking as an aspect of social cognition, and investigated whether it would affect one’s own emotional response. The present study used a block paradigm and event-related potential (ERP) technology to explore this question. A 3 (perspective: self vs. pessimistic familiar other vs. optimistic familiar other) × 3 (valence: positive vs. neutral vs. negative) within-group design was employed. Thirty-six college s…
“I hate this part right here”: Embodied, subjective experiences of listening to aversive music
2021
Although the majority of previous research on music-induced responses has focused on pleasurable experiences and preferences, it is undeniable that music is capable of eliciting strong dislike and aversion as well. To date, only limited research has been carried out to understand the subjective experience of listening to aversive music. This qualitative study explored people’s negative experiences associated with music listening, with the aim to understand what kinds of emotions, affective states, and physical responses are associated with listening to aversive music. One hundred and two participants provided free descriptions of (1) musical features of aversive music; (2) subjective physi…
The Role of Negative Affect in Emotional Processing of Food-Related Images in Eating Disorders and Obesity
2021
The aim of the present study was to analyze differences in the emotional processing (valence, arousal, and dominance) of food-related information in patients with eating disorders (ED), patients with obesity, and healthy women. Moreover, the mediator role of negative affect and the moderating role of the diagnostic group (ED vs. non-ED) were analyzed. Method: The sample consisted of 94 women (39 with eating disorders, 19 with obesity, and 36 healthy participants). Measures: International Affective Picture System (IAPS) food picture exposure task; Self-Assessment Manikin Analog-Visual Scale (SAM) appraising Arousal, Valence, and Dominance; Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26); Positive and Negativ…
Palliative sedation in advanced cancer patients followed at home: A retrospective analysis
2012
Abstract CONTEXT: Data regarding palliative sedation at home in dying patients are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency, indication, and modality of palliative sedation (PS) in patients followed at home. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of home care cancer patients was performed. Patients who received PS before dying were selected and information about epidemiologic characteristics, indications, duration, drugs, and outcomes was collected. RESULTS: Of 370 medical charts of patients who died at home, 49 patients received PS before dying. PS was proposed by the team, relatives, or both in 63.3%, 4.1%, and 32.6% of cases, respectively. Delirium alone or in combination with other sym…