Search results for "Vegetal Biology"
showing 10 items of 1601 documents
Membres du comité d’organisation scientifique
2017
EA BIOME INRA; National audience
Studying and modelling soil microbial communities dynamics at a landscape scale in response to agricultural practices
2019
Soil microbial communities play a major role in soil fertility and are important as bioindicators to evaluate the impacts of agricultural practices on soils. The challenge is to promote their use in order to support / accelerate innovation by proposing to farmers the tools necessary to assess the impacts of practice modifications on the soil microbial composition before implementing and validating them. The goal of this thesis is to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities at the scale of an agricultural landscape in order to create models and propose a Decision Support Instrument (DSI) for stakeholders in the agricultural communities. This will use a multi-d…
Studying and modelling the dynamics of soil microbial communities at a landscape scale in response to agricultural practices
2019
National audience; Soil Microbial communities play a major role in soil fertility and are important as bioindicators to evaluate the impacts of agricultural practices on soils. The challenge is to promote their use in order to support / accelerate innovation by proposing to farmers the tools necessary to assess the impacts of practice modifications on the soil microbial composition before implementing and validating them. The goal of this thesis is to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities at the scale of an agricultural landscape in order to create models and propose a Decision Support Instrument (DSI) for stakeholders in the agricultural communities. This…
La biodiversité de la microflore du sol prévient l’implantation de pathogènes alimentaires dans les sols agricoles
2015
Pôle EA MERS; National audience; La présence dans les agroécosystèmes de bactéries pathogènes pouvant être transmises à l’homme représente un risque sanitaire pour l’ensemble de la filière de production des aliments. Le sol est en effet une zone de transfert potentiel de ces agents pathogènes vers les matières premières agricoles, puis vers les produits agroalimentaires, la plupart du temps dans des produits animaux, mais aussi via des produits végétaux également.
Influence de la diversité sur la dynamique des communautés d’adventices et les interactions adventices:culture
2019
L’effet concurrentiel des communautés d’adventices (CA) est mal connu. De plus, une des priorités de recherche en malherbologie consiste à caractériser les relations entre diversité des adventices et pertes de rendement (PR). Nous avons testé l’hypothèse que (i) toutes les CA ne sont pas responsables de PR et que (ii) les CA plus diversifiées réduisaient les PR grâce à une plus faible probabilité d’espèces dominantes et compétitives. Un essai au champ sur blé tendre a été mené pendant 3 ans sur 2 parcelles différentes chaque année. Sur chaque parcelle, 9 zones (6 non désherbées, 3 désherbées) présentant une flore contrastée ont été installées. Au sein de chaque zone, 5 quadrats ont été disp…
Rhizodeposition as a functional trait in legumes. Study of trade-off for plant productivity and resilience
2019
Rhizodeposition is the release of organic carbon (C) to the soil that connects the biotic and abiotic components of the C cycle. It can promote C storage to soil but also mediates plant-microbe interactions (Jones et al., 2009). These interactions are complexes as rhizodeposition will influence the composition and functioning of microbial populations which in return are able to increase the availability of nutrients in soil and provide protection against pathogens (Sasse et al., 2018). Despite their importance for current agriculture challenges, plant-soil microbes interactions remain poorly understood due to the methodological challenge they represent and the complexity of actors and proce…
Photosynthesis mediates expression of Sorghum bicolor transporters in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
2014
Exploitation des données d’epidémiosurveillance à l’échelle de la décade : les pratiques culturales en colza influencent aussi indirectement la compo…
2013
The ‘Biovigilance Flore’ national weed survey gathers about 5400 field data over 714 communes and 9 years. At this spatial and temporal scale, it is possible to partition the impact of different factors on weed flora and to highlight differences between generalist species and species more specialized to particular environmental or agricultural conditions. In this article, we analyzed and compared changes in weed flora of both oilseed rape and winter wheat. Results showed that a part of changes observed in winter wheat can be attributed to new species ‘entering’ or increasing their frequencies in oilseed rape. On one hand, this results stress the importance of considering the crop rotation s…
Establishment of tools for investigating pyoverdine impact on iron homeostasis and plant defense responses
2013
Iron, the fourth major element in the Earth crust, is essential for growth and development of living organisms. However, due to its low solubility in the soil, it is weakly available for plants and micro-organisms. To efficiently assimilate iron, living organisms have evolved specific strategies. In plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana three trans-membrane proteins are involved in iron assimilation while in bacteria such as Pseudomonas fluorescens iron is taken up from the soil thanks to molecules displaying high affinity for iron called siderophores. It has been recently shown that pyoverdine, the major siderophore of the beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, is assimilated by A. th…
Effect of commercially available Plant Defence Stimulators on human innate immunity
2015
PDS (Plant defence stimulators) constitute a recent alternative to pesticides used for crop protection. These compounds are of diverse nature, they all act by stimulating plant innate immune system and plants can better fight pathogens. There are many similarities in pathogen perception systems and cellular signalling in plants and animals. Many elicitors stimulate both human and plant innate immunity (Zipfel and Felix, 2005). Therefore, it is likely that human innate immunity could be modulated by PDS. The aim of this study is to evaluate pro/anti-inflammatory activity of five different commercially available PDS on human cell models. We studied the pro/anti-inflammatory effect of PDS on h…