Search results for "Vegetal Biology"

La modélisation du devenir des pesticides : Recueil de données et utilisation du modèle agronomique STICS pour simuler les transferts sur le long ter…

2016

Adventices, tour d’horizon des résistances - Résistances des adventices aux herbicides en France : situation actuelle avec les onze espèces adventice…

2013

Version intégrale : Communication disponible avec sa bibliographie (5 références dont 2 extraites de Phytoma), dans les annales de la 22e conférence du Columa de l'AFPP, sur place à Dijon les 10, 11 et 12 décembre 2013, puis à l’AFPP.; Contexte - Les résistances des adventices aux herbicides sont une préoccupation montante en France. Le phénomène n’est pas nouveau, mais la réduction actuelle de la diversité des modes d’action herbicides semble accélérer l’émergence de nouveaux cas de résistance, notamment aux herbicides inhibiteurs de l’ALS. Etat des lieux - Cet article fait le point sur les cas de résistance avérés aux herbicides en France et répertorie des espèces d’adventices susceptible…

Weed resistance to herbicides in France: current situation and future prospects

2013

This talk will inventory weed species with confirmed cases of herbicide resistance in France. Species most prone to evolve herbicide resistance in the future will be listed, taking into account the current context of herbicide-tolerant crop variety release. Last, guidance (not to be heeded!) will be provided on how best to select for herbicide resistance.

Recently identified microbial guild mediates soil N2O sink capacity

2015

Interactions between Pisum sativum & pseudomonads, consequences on plant iron nutrition and growth and immunity

2019

Pea has a high potential in agroecology, however, it may suffer from a susceptibility to iron deficiency in calcareous soils. This susceptibility varies depending on cultivars. Pseudomonad siderophores, pyoverdines (pvd), were shown to promote iron nutrition in Arabidopsis and tobacco. The hypothesis was therefore raised that variation in iron susceptibility between pea cultivars could be related to differences in their ability to recruit fluorescent pseudomonads (fp) contributing to siderophore-mediated iron nutrition. Our aims were to compare i) the impact of a susceptible (S) and a tolerant (T) cultivar of pea on fp biodiversity with a focus on their pvd, and in return ii) the impact of …

Analysis of the cross‐regulation between immunity, growth and iron homeostasis in plants

2019

The existence of a tightly regulated balance between growth and immunity in plants has recently emerged. In this study, we challenged this concept thanks to the biological model pyoverdine-Arabidopsis thaliana. Pyoverdine is a siderophore produced by the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12. Under iron deficiency, P. fluorescens excretes the iron free form of pyoverdine (apo‐pyo) in the soil. Once chelated with iron (ferri‐pyo), the complex is internalized by the bacteria. We demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana plants treated by apo‐pyo in a medium containing or not iron internalize pyoverdine. Interestingly, apo‐pyo-treated plants did not show a typical gro…

Analysis of the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the cross‐regulation between immunity, growth and iron homeostasis in plants

2019

Studies performed in our Agroecology Department show that the immune response of plants is linked to their iron nutrition and is modulated by pyoverdine, a siderophore produced by the plant beneficial rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12. Accordingly, Arabidopsis thaliana plantlets exposed to iron deficiency and treated with pyoverdine in its iron non‐chelated structure (apo‐pyo) show an enhanced growth but a decreased immune response capacity. We hypothesize that nitric oxide (NO), a universal signaling molecule, is a key component of the regulation of the immune response in plants exposed to apo‐pyo and to the C7R12 strain. We checked by fluorescence microscopy that NO is actually …

Responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to extreme soil drought and rewetting

2013

Question: The patterns of resource allocation and activity of the soil microbial community over the dry summer in Mediterranean grasslands are still largely unknown. The microbial response to summer desiccation reflects adaptation strategies, setting the stage for a large rainfall-induced soil CO2 pulse upon rewetting, an important component of the ecosystem carbon budget. Methods: In three California annual grasslands, the present (DNA-based) and potentially active (RNA-based) soil bacterial and fungal communities were tracked over a summer season and in response to controlled rewetting of intact soil cores. Phylogenetic marker genes for bacterial (16S) and fungal (28S) RNA and DNA were se…

Evaluation des projets intégrés de recherche innovation (PARI). Fiche projet intégré AGRALE 8 - Interactions Plantes- Microorganismes : Mécanismes et…

2012

Incidence des graminées adventices sur l'ergot des céréales

2013

Several species of Claviceps, mainly Claviceps purpurea may develop during cereals growth in place of grains or on the grass weeds head. These fungi may produce sclerotia with alkaloids inside, unsafe for the whole harvest. In order to help growers and grain collect organizations to support good practices, several years trials have been followed up. Synthesis for those data allows to identify strong grass weeds incidence, mainly for black-grass and ryegrass on ergot of cereal contamination, multiplication and maintain.