Search results for "Vegetal Biology"
showing 10 items of 1601 documents
Ploidy level, genome size and genetic variability among a collection of Medicago sativa L. Gabsi as revealed by flow cytometry
2016
BAP GEAPSI CT1 INRA; International audience; The flow cytometry technique has been applied in order to check the ploidy level of seven provenances of local alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Gabsi, to estimate the genome (pg DNA) size of these alfalfa lines and to verify whether any genetic differences existed between these provenances belonging to the same population. Flow cytometry technique enabled us to show that all sources are tetraploid but also showed genetic variability that can be explained by the effect of microclimate, even if it is obvious that all these sources belong to a same unique population.
Enterocytes'tight junctions play a protective role in limiting invasion of Candida albicans into intestinal cells
2013
National audience; C. albicans is a commensal yeast of the mucous membranes in healthy humans that can also be responsible for disseminated candidiasis, mainly originating from the digestive tract in vulnerable patients. Deciphering the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the interaction of C. albicans with enterocytes is necessary to better understand the basis of commensalism and pathogenicity of the yeast and to improve the management of disseminated candidiasis. In intestinal epithelia, E-cadherin is constitutive of the Adherens Junctions localized just below the Tight Junctions (TJs) which ensure impermeability of the intestinal barrier. We hypothesized the absence of endocytosis of C…
Induced mutations in the TI1 gene encoding a major double-headed protease inhibitor in Pisum sativum L. can reduce significantly the inhibition of ta…
2013
BAP GEAPSI; International audience; Trypsin / chymotrypsin inhibitors in the seeds of many legume crop species are regarded as antinutritional proteins often leading to a requirement for heat-treatment of seed products prior to their use in feed. A TILLING resource developed in Pisum sativum L. (pea) was exploited to identify mutants in the major seed-expressed trypsin / chymotrypsin inhibitor gene, TI1, where the inhibition of either or both of the target enzymes may be reduced. Three lines with missense mutations in TI1, predicted to affect activity through alteration of (a) a conserved cysteine residue, (b) the P1′ serine within the active site of the chymotrypsin inhibitory domain or (c…
Population genetics on Ambrosia genus: past, present and future
2014
National audience; A new Task Force within the COST-SMARTER has recently been created. This group is composed of population genetics experts from five European countries in charge of focusing on “Genetics on Ambrosia” (Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Sweden). Their mission was to review molecular methods used in published genetics studies on common ragweed and to discuss about future projects. Two different types of molecular markers are generally used in the literature to investigate the genetic structure within and between introduced and/or native populations of common ragweed: microsatellite markers and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). These methods permit the researcher…
Les mycorhizes, qu’est ce donc ? Cas de la truffe de Bourgogne
2014
Les vignettes
2013
Caractérisation d'une collection de variétés anciennes de blé pour leur aptitude à former les mycorhizes et impact sur la qualité des graines
2014
Le blé (genre Tritucum aestivum, famille des Poaceae) est une céréale d’intérêt agronomique très important. Certaines variétés très anciennes sont mise de côté pour des variétés plus récentes souvent sélectionnées pour répondre à une culture intensive consommatrice de produits phytosanitaires. L’agriculture biologique, système de production supposant une réduction des intrants chimiques de synthèse afin de préserver l’écosystème, peut se définir comme une pratique où l’emploi d’engrais synthétiques, de pesticides chimiques et d’organismes génétiquement modifiés est prohibé. Cette pratique gagne de plus en plus en popularité et la superficie des terres cultivées de cette manière a crû de 60 …
L’usage de variétés de féveroles (Vicia faba L.) à faibles teneurs en vicine et convicine, réduit le risque du favisme chez l’homme hemizygote porteu…
2013
Low vicine and convicine content in faba bean seeds is under oligogenic control and can be easily monitored by breeding. Aim of the study was to show that new faba beans (FB) genotypes with low content of vicine and convicine (low V/C FB) produced by selection, are non-toxic and non-hemolytic even when ingested in large amounts by highly susceptible glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient individuals. Evidence indicates that V/C, amino-pyrimidine derivatives present in high amounts in normal FB, are the causative agents of favism, ie severe oxidative damage and hemolysis occurring in G6PD-deficient subjects after FB ingestion. In vitro, micromolar V/C elicits oxidative damage in …
Deux exemples de méta-modélisation : (1) de l'interception de la lumière par une plante et (2) de la dynamique des adventices dans une parcelle virtu…
2018
National audience