Search results for "Vegetal Biology"

Le système fourrager

2012

Les productions générées par les exploitations agricoles sont organisées en système de production qui désigne « l’ensemble structuré des facteurs de production combinés entre eux pour assurer une production végétale et/ou animale en vue de satisfaire les objectifs de l’exploitant agricole ». Les systèmes de production sont souvent décrits par les OTEX (orientations technico-économiques des exploitations) sur une base économique de classification, mais il existe égalementdes descriptions fonctionnelles fréquemment utilisées parles instituts techniques sur la base des facteurs de production et de leur combinaison. Dans les exploitations françaises, la production d’herbivores (bovins, ovins, c…

Développement et évaluation d'une méthode fondée sur la PCR temps réel pour la caractérisation des bioaérosols : application au groupe des actinomycè…

2013

Une envahissante dans le paysage : cas de l’ambroisie à feuilles d’armoise

2014

L’ambroisie à feuilles d’armoise (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) est une espèce annuelle envahissante introduite en France à la fin du XIXe siècle. Plante rudérale, tolérante à de nombreux stress, l’ambroisie se développe essentiellement dans les habitats perturbés. Les principaux milieux occupés sont les parcelles agricoles, les bords de route et les zones perturbées par les activités anthropiques (jachères industrielles, zone de dépôt de matériaux …). Les berges de rivière constituent le seul habitat naturel dans lequel l’ambroisie peut former d’importantes populations. La semence d’ambroisie n’a pas de structure particulière favorisant son invasion. Trop lourde pour être dispersée par le ve…

The control of soil borne vascular diseases: Limits of genetic resistance of cultivars and rootstocks for controlling Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melon…

2014

After using resistant cultivars or resistant rootstocks for many years to control soil-borne pathogenic fungi causing wilt disease, growers observe more and more frequently wilt like symptoms in their melon and eggplant cultures. Ctifl, in close collaboration with INRA, regional extension services, and seed companies, set up a study designed to investigate the causative pathological agents. The results show the prevalence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1-2 yellowing on melon and of Verticillium dahlia on eggplant. Both pathogens are often found together with other pathogenic soil fungi, which act as aggravating factors. The isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis collected from i…

Analysis of cloudiness and solar radiation diurnal cycles for a better understanding of the forests greenness mean annual cycle in Central Africa.

2016

To better understand the Central Africa forests sensitivity toclimate variability, we jointly analyse the mean annual cycles of greenness, rainfall, cloudiness and solarradiation for the target region 0-5°N/12-19°E using high resolution satellite data. Our results demonstrate theimportance of the diurnal scale for understanding the mean annual cycles of rainfall, cloudiness and solarradiation and the way they shape those of forest greenness. They also suggest that whereas the March-Mayrainy season appears optimal for greenness especially because of favorable light conditions, water availabilityis the main controlling factor in December-January the main dry season and in February at the star…

Biotic and abiotic soil properties influence survival of Listeria monocytogenes in soil

2013

International audience; Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen responsible for the potentially fatal disease listeriosis and terrestrial ecosystems have been hypothesized to be its natural reservoir. Therefore, identifying the key edaphic factors that influence its survival in soil is critical. We measured the survival of L. monocytogenes in a set of 100 soil samples belonging to the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network. This soil collection is meant to be representative of the pedology and land use of the whole French territory. The population of L. monocytogenes in inoculated microcosms was enumerated by plate count after 7, 14 and 84 days of incubation. Analysis of survival pr…

Automatic analyzis of droplet impact by high speed imaging

2012

International audience; The impact of agricultural activities on the water quality is the consequence of the loss of fertilisers (chemical fertilisers, livestock effluent, also referred to as farm fertiliser, food-processing effluent and sludge) and crop treatment products (phytosanitary products). This pollution may prevent certain uses of water, notably its use for human and animal food (groundwater and surface water), and leads to a deterioration in aquatic environments. In the domain of vineyard precision spraying research, one of the most important objectives is to minimize the volume of phytosanitary products. It is also to be more environmentally respectful with more effective vine l…

The Prairie Diagnosis: a tool to assess and characterize the grassland base of long-term temporary and permanent grasslands

2022

Permanent and temporary grasslands represent nearly 44 % of the French UAA. This vast area is rich in a very wide range of flora, from hillside meadows with subterranean clover to flooded meadows and marshes with Baldingere, not forgetting sown meadows which, over the years, can host numerous spontaneous species. The method of prairie diagnosis is based on a botanical approach to the prairie with the objective of qualifying the forage aptitudes of the cover. The diagnosis of a meadow is only of interest and relevance if it is integrated into a forage system consistent with the strategies of a farmer. It is based on the premise that the flora of a meadow is the result of the interaction of "…

Risques et bénéfices relatifs des alternatives aux produits phytopharmaceutiques comportant des néonicotinoïdes

2018

Risques et bénéfices relatifs des alternatives aux produits phytopharmaceutiques comportant des néonicotinoïdes. Tome 1 – Rapport du groupe de travail Identification des alternatives aux usages autorisés des néonicotinoïdes

RPB1 as a marker gene to analyze communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota)

2014

The influence of agricultural practice on the diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) continues to be an important research question as these mutualistic symbionts are known to improve plant growth and soil quality. To this day, studies of community diversity in AMF have exclusively been based on nuclear ribosomal gene regions, such as the small and large subunits and the ITS region. In the Glomeromycota, these regions show high intra-organism polymorphism, which can seriously complicate interpretation of diversity data. We chose the rpb1 gene as an alternative marker as this putative single-copy gene has been shown to be monomorphic within fungal isolates but shows a…