Search results for "Vegetal Biology"
showing 10 items of 1601 documents
Validation of a set of reference genes to study response to herbicide stress in grasses
2012
Abstract Background Non-target-site based resistance to herbicides is a major threat to the chemical control of agronomically noxious weeds. This adaptive trait is endowed by differences in the expression of a number of genes in plants that are resistant or sensitive to herbicides. Quantification of the expression of such genes requires normalising qPCR data using reference genes with stable expression in the system studied as internal standards. The aim of this study was to validate reference genes in Alopecurus myosuroides, a grass (Poaceae) weed of economic and agronomic importance with no genomic resources. Results The stability of 11 candidate reference genes was assessed in plants res…
Variation in the TonB-dependent outer-membrane proteins in plant-associated strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens
2011
International audience; Genomic sequences of ten strains of plant-associated Pseudomonas spp. were surveyed for the presence of TonB-dependent outer-membrane proteins (TBDPs), which function in the uptake of substrates from the environment by many Gram-negative bacteria. The ten strains represent P. fluorescens, P. chlororaphis, and P. synxantha isolated from the phyllosphere, rhizosphere or soil. 14 to 45 TBDPs were identified in each strain, and phylogenetic analysis of the TBDPs identified five that are conserved across all ten genomes. Comparisons to proteins with known functions allowed the assignment of putative roles in uptake of heme, vitamin B12, copper, and the siderophore ferrich…
Diversity of TonB-dependent outer-membrane proteins in plant-associated strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens
2011
International audience; Genomic sequences of ten strains of plant-associated Pseudomonas spp. were surveyed for the presence of TonB-dependent outer-membrane proteins (TBDPs), which function in the uptake of substrates from the environment by many Gram-negative bacteria. The ten strains represent P. fluorescens, P. chlororaphis, and P. synxantha isolated from the phyllosphere, rhizosphere or soil. 14 to 45 TBDPs were identified in each strain, and phylogenetic analysis of the TBDPs identified five that are conserved across all ten genomes. Comparisons to proteins with known functions allowed the assignment of putative roles in uptake of heme, vitamin B12, copper, and the siderophore ferrich…
Diversité taxonomique, phylogénétique et fonctionnelle de trois syntaxons des prairies permanentes
2014
National audience
Identification and characterization of the grapevine flagellin receptor vvfls2
2014
International audience
Is there a microbial sub alpha-diversity at soil microscale ?
2012
The distribution of the soil microbial diversity depends on a broad range of environmental filters nested in spatial scales from continent to millimeter. Although microbial biogeography studies have recently shown the influence of environmental factors (texture/pH/plant cover and land-use) on soil microbial abundance and diversity, little is still known about spatial heterogeneity at a micro-scale within soil. Our study aims at describing and understanding the distribution of abundance and diversity of soil microbial communities between different soil microenvironments. Four soils were selected on the basis of differences in physico-chemical properties and historical land-management practic…
Survie et/ou réactivation de microorganismes du sol sous hautes pressions gazeuses
2012
National audience; Le sol constitue une réserve considérable de microorganismes représentatifs de nombreuses communautés cellulaires. Les recherches reposent sur l’hypothèse qu’il existe, dans les échantillons de sol, des communautés microbiennes adaptées à des conditions physiques (pression, température) très différentes de celles rencontrées dans nos laboratoires : soit parce que les conditions de milieu ont changé (sol), soit parce que les conditions de prélèvement sont très différentes des conditions de culture (grands fonds marins). Dans cette optique, l’utilisation des hautes pressions gazeuses (200-1000 bars dans un premier temps) est envisagée afin d’essayer de réactiver des microor…
Listeria monocytogenes
2017
Prod 2017-266 équipe EA UB BIOME; National audience; résumé du livre : Pour garantir et maîtriser la sécurité microbiologique des aliments et prévenir les crises sanitaires alimentaires, la connaissance et la surveillance des microorganismes pathogènes depuis la production primaire jusqu’à la distribution des denrées alimentaires en passant par la transformation, sont indispensables. Cet ouvrage de référence traite des dangers microbiologiques alimentaires majeurs (microorganismes infectieux ou toxines d’origine microbienne) et des risques associés pour l’Homme. Illustré de nombreux schémas et tableaux de synthèse, il fait un point complet sur les notions fondamentales de microbiologie géné…
Simafield : Un logiciel de modélisation spatiale de scènes agronomiques
2013
Environmental measures lead farmers to use more and more decision support tools to reduce their chemical inputs without losing yield. Imaging system based on crop/weed discrimination algorithms have been developed to detect weeds in field and allow a site specific spraying. These algorithms needs to be thoroughly evaluated before considering a public release and current evaluation are based on real images and are very tedious. SimAField is a software that aims at modeling agronomic fields with crop and weeds and simulate the picture taking process to replace ground truth and allow an automated evaluation of crop/weed discrimination algorithms.
Ambrosia trifida L. in France: current distribution and ecological knowledge. Towards an eradication of the species?
2014
National audience; Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) is an annual plant belonging to Asteraceae, originating from North America. It was introduced in France in the early twentieth century. Originally described as a ruderal plant, Ambrosia trifida was recently reported in agricultural areas (maize and soybean) in the region Midi-Pyrénées. Beyond the potential public health issue, this species is a major invasive weed in North America, its native area. That is why a question arises about the future trend of the species in France. Can we expect a low ability of the species to adapt the French habitats and land-uses, with a low probability of naturalization? Viceversa, should we consider lead…