Search results for "Vema"

Restoring ecosystem structure and functions : results from Sphagnum peatlands degraded by forestry drainage

2014

Disentangling the effects of methanogen community and environment on peatland greenhouse gas production by a reciprocal transplant experiment

2020

Northern peatlands consist of a mosaic of peatland types that vary spatially and temporally and differ in their methane (CH4) production. Microbial community composition and environment both potentially control the processes that release carbon from anoxic peat either as CH4 or carbon dioxide (CO2), a less potent greenhouse gas than CH4. However, the respective roles of these controls remain unclear, which prevents incorporating microbes in the predictions of peatland CH4 emissions. 2.Here, a reciprocal transplant experiment was carried out to separate the influences of microbial community and environment in CH4 and anaerobic CO2 production. Peat from an acidic Sphagnum bog and a sedge fen …

Changes in pore water quality after peatland restoration: Assessment of a large¿scale, replicated Before-After-Control-Impact study in Finland

2017

Drainage is known to affect peatland natural hydrology and water quality, but peatland restoration is considered to ameliorate peatland degradation. Using a replicated BACIPS (Before-After-Control-Impact Paired Series) design, we investigated 24 peatlands, all drained for forestry and subsequently restored, and 19 pristine control boreal peatlands with high temporal and spatial resolution data on hydroclimate and pore water quality. In drained conditions, total nitrogen (Ntot), total phosphorus (Ptot), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in pore water were several-fold higher than observed at pristine control sites, highlighting the impacts of long-term drainage on pore water quality. In gen…

Turvemaiden maankäytön vaikutukset kuoriameebayhteisöihin

2013

Turvemaiden maankäytöllä on todettu olevan monenlaisia ympäristövaikutuksia, kuten esimerkiksi kasvihuoneilmiötä vauhdittavat kaasupäästöt (esim. CO2 & CH4), turvetuotannon vesistövaikutukset ja turpeenpolton päästöt. Lisäksi turvemaiden maankäytöllä on vahvoja vaikutuksia soihin. Maankäytön ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnissa on käytetty apuna monia eliöryhmiä, esimerkiksi pohjaeläimiä, eläinplanktonia ja kaloja. Kuoriameebat (Testacea) ovat ryhmä pieniä, lajistoltaan monimuotoisia ja laajalle levinneitä yksisoluisia eliöitä. Ne ovat pääasiallisesti akvaattisia eliöitä, ja niitä esiintyy muun muassa turvemailla, kosteikoissa ja järvissä. Kuoriameebat sopivat erityisesti turvemaassa tapahtuvi…

Dung application increases CH4 production potential and alters the composition and abundance of methanogen community in restored peatland soils from …

2018

Peatland restoration via rewetting aims to recover biological communities and biogeochemical processes typical to pristine peatlands. While rewetting promotes recovery of C accumulation favorable for climate mitigation, it also promotes methane (CH4) emissions. The potential for exceptionally high emissions after rewetting has been measured for Central European peatland sites previously grazed by cattle. We addressed the hypothesis that these exceptionally high CH4 emissions result from the previous land use. We analyzed the effects of cattle dung application to peat soils in a short- (2 weeks), a medium- (1 year) and a long-term (grazing) approach. We measured the CH4 production potentials…

Sources of nitrous oxide and the fate of mineral nitrogen in subarctic permafrost peat soils

2022

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems have received little attention, largely because they have been thought to be negligible. Recent studies, however, have shown that there are habitats in the subarctic tundra emitting N2O at high rates, such as bare peat (BP) surfaces on permafrost peatlands. Nevertheless, the processes behind N2O production in these high-emission habitats are poorly understood. In this study, we established an in situ 15N-labeling experiment with two main objectives: (1) to partition the microbial sources of N2O emitted from BP surfaces on permafrost peatlands and (2) to study the fate of ammonium and nitrate in these soils and in …

Data from: Fitness costs of worker specialisation for ant societies

2015

Division of labour is of fundamental importance for the success of societies, yet little is known about how individual specialization affects the fitness of the group as a whole. While specialized workers may be more efficient in the tasks they perform than generalists, they may also lack the flexibility to respond to rapid shifts in task needs. Such rigidity could impose fitness costs when societies face dynamic and unpredictable events, such as an attack by socially parasitic slavemakers. Here, we experimentally assess the colony-level fitness consequences of behavioural specialization in Temnothorax longispinosus ants that are attacked by the slavemaker ant T. americanus. We manipulated …

Action-oriented knowledge for sustainable management of organic soils in Finnish agriculture

2023

Agriculture is a contributing force to climate change due to unsustainable changes in land use with the usage of peatlands for food production in Finland. The use of organic soils in food production is a complex and politically driven issue, thus multistakeholder and participatory approaches to policy development, implementation and evaluation are essential. This study is integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in an iterative process to produce action-oriented knowledge for supporting actions to sustainably manage peatlands and reduce the enormous greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural peatlands. This study has engaged inter-disciplinary researchers and transdisciplinary actor…