Search results for "Venous insufficiency"
showing 10 items of 58 documents
Possible Pathomechanisms Responsible for Injury to the Central Nervous System in the Settings of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency
2012
The discovery of stenoses in the azygous and internal jugular veins, the so-called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency that accompanies multiple sclerosis, has enabled the reinterpretation of knowledge about this neurologic dis- ease. Pathologic venous outflow from the central nervous system appears to lead to two main problems. Firstly, it disas- sembles the blood-brain barrier and may allow the penetration of nervous parenchyma by glutamate and leukocytes. Sec- ondly, it may result in significant hypoperfusion of the brain and spinal cord. These two overlapping pathologies are likely to trigger plaques through caspase-1-driven pyroptosis of oligodendrocytes and to evoke neurodegene…
Ocena zależności pomiędzy objawami klinicznymi przewlekłej niewydolności żylnej i ultrasonograficznymi cechami refluksu żylnego u chorych z żylakami …
2001
Wstęp: Celem badania było porównanie objawów klinicznych przewlekłej niewydolności żylnej ze stopniem nasilenia refluksu żylnego, stwierdzanym w badaniu ultrasonograficznym u chorych z żylakami kończyn dolnych. Materiał i metody: Badaniu poddano 50 chorych — 100 kończyn dolnych: 23 kończyny bez żylaków (w tych przypadkach żylaki występowały na drugiej kończynie), 13 kończyn z żylakami, które nie powodowały dolegliwości, 49 kończyn z żylakami, którym towarzyszył obrzęk i/lub dolegliwości bólowe, 15 kończyn z żylakami z towarzyszącymi zmianami skórnymi (z wyjątkiem owrzodzenia). Przeprowadzono ultrasonograficzną (USG Duplex-Doppler) ocenę refluksu w żyłach: udowej, podkolanowej, piszczelowej …
EFFECTS OF DEFIBROTIDE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DEEP INSUFFICIENCY. THE PROVEDIS STUDY
2004
Aim. In the present study the effect of defibrotide, an antithrombotic and profibrinolytic agent, was investigated in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) due to deep vein obstruction and/or reflux (chronic deep vein insufficiency, CDVI). Methods. The study was a multicenter, randomized, double blind placebo controlled trial in which only patients with CDVI confirmed by ultrasound were enrolled. All patients were treated with adequate elastic compression and randomized to receive either oral defibrotide (800 mg/die) or matching placebo for 1 year. Patients with active or previous leg ulcer were excluded. Results. A to…
Leukocyte Rheology Before and After Chemotactic Activation in some Venous Diseases
1999
Abstract Objective: to evaluate leukocyte rheology, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) membrane fluidity and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in subjects with post-phlebitic leg syndrome (PPS) and acute deep-venous leg thrombosis (DVT). Subjects: twenty-two subjects with leg PPS and 14 subjects with leg DVT. Methods: we evaluated the leukocyte filtration (unfractionated, mononuclear cells (MN) and PMN), the PMN membrane fluidity and the PMN cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Subsequently, we evaluated the same PMN variables after in vitro chemotactic activation with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and N -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Results: at baseline we observed a signific…
Blood Brain Barrier Compromise with Endothelial Inflammation may Lead to Autoimmune Loss of Myelin during Multiple Sclerosis
2009
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by multifocal areas of inflammation and demyelination within the central nervous system. The mechanism that triggers the disease remains elusive. However, recent findings may indicate that multiple sclerosis, at its source, could be a hemodynamic disorder. It has been found that multiple sclerosis patients exhibit significant stenoses in extracranial veins draining the central nervous system (in azygous and internal jugular veins), which are associated with significant pressure gradients measured across strictures. Such anatomic venous abnormalities were not found in the control group of healthy subjects. In this review, it is hypoth…
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency is unlikely to be a direct trigger of multiple sclerosis
2013
Abstract Background Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, a vascular pathology affecting the veins draining the central nervous system can accompany multiple sclerosis and is suspected to be involved in its pathogenesis. Objective This study was aimed at exploring a potential role for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in triggering multiple sclerosis. If it were venous abnormalities responsible for neurological pathology, one should expect negative correlation, i.e. more severe vascular lesions in the patients with early onset of multiple sclerosis. Methods Localization and degree of venous blockages in 350 multiple sclerosis patients were assessed using catheter venography. …
A potential role of interferon-gamma in the pathogenesis of venous leg ulcers.
2005
Venous leg ulcer is the most severe expression of chronic venous insufficiency. Venous ulcerations are always associated with venous ambulatory hypertension, but the exact mechanism leading from pathological hemodynamics in venous circulation to the necrotic lesions in the skin still remains undiscovered. It has been shown that tissue injury in venous ulcer patients was induced by leukocytes. However, though infiltrating leukocytes have at their disposal a powerfully cytotoxic arsenal, it has not been discovered which molecular mechanisms may contribute to the skin damage. The search for this hypothetical factor responsible for the development of ulceration should be focused on mechanisms l…
What is the relationship between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis?
2013
Abstract Although most of the research on multiple sclerosis was focused on its autoimmune aspects, researchers were also considering the roles of other factors, including vascular background of the disease. The idea that multiple sclerosis might be caused by stenoses of the veins draining the brain and spinal cord (the so-called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency), is currently hotly debated by scientific community. Despite conflicting reports, chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency seems to be a real clinical phenomenon. However, it remains uncertain how it should be defined and which tests should be used for its detection. Probably this vascular abnormality should be primaril…
Catheter venography for the assessment of internal jugular veins and azygous vein: position statement by expert panel of the International Society fo…
2013
This document by an expert panel of the International Society for Neurovascular Disease is aimed at presenting current technique and interpretation of catheter venography of the internal jugular veins, azygous vein and other veins draining the central nervous system. Although interventionalists agree on general rules, significant differences exist in terms of details of venographic technique and interpretations of angiographic pictures. It is also suggested that debatable findings should be investigated using multimodal diagnostics. Finally, the authors recommend that any publication on chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency should include detailed description of venographic technique u…
Comportamento della eNOS e dell'iNOS nella genesi e mantwnimento delle ulcere venose degli arti inferiori
2019
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and venous ulcers in the lower areas are widespread problems with a prevalence of 1% - 2% in the western population. The pathophysiology of this pathological manifestation is not yet fully clarified and it can be assumed that a multifactorial genesis should be considered. Certainly the high pressure values in the peripheral venous system, the defective valves in the capillary network, the increase in permeability and capillary neogenesis (discharge of liquids in the extracellular compartment - + edema), the discharge of fibrinogen and the subsequent formation of a pericapillary fibrin cuff are the most important mechanisms related to hypoxia and skin isc…