Search results for "Vertebrate"

Load progression criteria in exercise programmes in lower limb tendinopathy: a systematic review

2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to summarise and analyse the current literature about what progression criteria are applied in loading exercise programmes in lower limb tendinopathies and their evidence and effectiveness.DesignSystematic review.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus and PEDrowere searched from inception to 24 September 2020. The inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials that included patients with midportion Achilles, patellar or gluteal tendinopathy; assessed function, pain or performance; included at least one group where progressive physical exercise was administered as monotherapy; included at least a control group. We excluded studies that included subjects w…

Physiological problems of teleost ambisexuality

1988

The normal occurrence of spontaneous sex inversion among teleosts is a recent item within current concepts on vertebrate reproductive physiology. Investigations on the subject are mostly descriptive and deal with morphological and behavioral aspects. The concept of social control of sex inversion has been received with great interest. However, research on physiological processes that take place inside a fish when it changes sex must be rated as fragmentary. Steroid hormones are supposed to play a major role in sex inversion. But a cause and effect relationship has not yet been established. More experimental studies on more types of ambisexual species are badly needed. Future work will show …

Phosphodiesterase10A: abundance and circadian regulation in the retina and photoreceptor of the rat.

2011

Phosphodiesterase10A (PDE10A) is a dual specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase that is specifically enriched in striatum and which has gained attention as a therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders. The present study shows that PDE10A is also highly expressed in retinal neurons including photoreceptors. The levels of PDE10A transcript and protein display daily rhythms which could be seen in preparations of the whole retina. Corresponding changes in PDE10A mRNA were seen in photoreceptors isolated using laser microdissection. This suggests that the expressional control of the photoreceptor Pde10a gene contributes to the observed cyclicity in the amount of retinal PDE10A. The daily …

Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for in‐soil organisms

2017

Abstract Following a request from EFSA, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues developed an opinion on the science behind the risk assessment of plant protection products for in‐soil organisms. The current risk assessment scheme is reviewed, taking into account new regulatory frameworks and scientific developments. Proposals are made for specific protection goals for in‐soil organisms being key drivers for relevant ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes such as nutrient cycling, soil structure, pest control and biodiversity. Considering the time‐scales and biological processes related to the dispersal of the majority of in‐soil organisms compared to terrestrial non…

Late Pleistocene vertebrate - bearing deposits at San Teodoro Cave (North-Eastern Sicily): Preliminary data on faunal diversification and chronology

2008

Abstract This paper deals with the chronology and the possible correlations among levels of different excavated areas in the Pleistocene vertebrate-bearing deposits at the large San Teodoro Cave (North-Eastern Sicily). Two trenches have been excavated along the eastern side of the cave, located at a distance from the entrance, respectively, of 8 m ( α trench) and 28 m ( β trench) and at different depths. Lithological features, biometrical data from small mammals and ecological data from molluscs point to similar environmental conditions for the α trench deposits and those located along the eastern wall of the cave in the eastern part of the β trench. The same evidence, and the taphonomic fe…

Dystroglycan regulates structure, proliferation and differentiation of neuroepithelial cells in the developing vertebrate CNS.

2007

AbstractIn the developing CNS α- and β-dystroglycan are highly concentrated in the endfeet of radial neuroepithelial cells at the contact site to the basal lamina. We show that injection of anti-dystroglycan Fab fragments, knockdown of dystroglycan using RNAi, and overexpression of a dominant-negative dystroglycan protein by microelectroporation in neuroepithelial cells of the chick retina and optic tectum in vivo leads to the loss of their radial morphology, to hyperproliferation, to an increased number of postmitotic neurons, and to an altered distribution of several basally concentrated proteins. Moreover, these treatments also altered the oriented growth of axons from retinal ganglion c…

Ecological impacts of invasive signal crayfish in large boreal lakes

2012

Living on the edge: Meoneura obscurella in the ‘Wieliczka’ Salt Mine (southern Poland) exhibits the first case of lecithotrophic ovoviviparity in the…

2021

During the studies on the invertebrate fauna of the subterranean part of the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine in Wieliczka, Poland, the presence of many specimens of the dipteran species Meoneura obscurella (Fallén 1823) was observed. Organic remains and faeces related to the presence of mice (Mus musculus) were indicated as a potential food source for the insects. M. obscurella displays lecithotrophic viviparity (ovoviviparity), which has developed due to extremely harsh abiotic conditions and a lack of food. This is the first documented case of lecithotrophic viviparity within the fly family Carnidae. Based on the ability of this species to inhabit and reproduce in the conditions of the subterranean…

When earwig mothers do not care to share: Parent–offspring competition and the evolution of family life

2017

Kin competition often reduces – and sometimes entirely negates – the benefits of cooperation among family members. Surprisingly, the impact of kin competition on the fitness effects of family life only received close scrutiny in studies on sibling rivalry, whereas the possibility of parent–offspring competition has attracted much less attention. As a consequence, it remains unclear whether and how parent–offspring competition could have affected the early evolution of parental care and family life. Here, we examined the occurrence and consequences of parent–offspring competition over food access in the European earwig Forficula auricularia, an insect with facultative family life reminiscent…

Growth and population structure of perch in relation to diet in a small humic lake, Valkea-Kotinen

2011

Lake Valkea-Kotinen is a long-term ecological monitoring site in the Evo region of southern Finland .The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and population structure of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in relation to diet in Valkea-Kotinen in order to provide reference data for a study investigating effects of increased loading of dissolved organic matter to nearby Lake Alinen Mustajärvi. Valkea-Kotinen was predominantly inhabited by small benthivorous perch. The growth relationship between opercular bone and total length of perch in the lake is similar to those earlier analysed for nearby lakes. Compared to wider growth rates, the growth of perch was slow and similar to those in si…