Search results for "Veterinary medicine"
showing 10 items of 383 documents
Transmissibility ofBroad bean wilt virus 1by aphids: influence of virus accumulation in plants, virus genotype and aphid species
2012
Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV-1) is transmitted by several aphid species in a non-persistent manner. Transmission efficiency by vectors is a key factor for understanding virus epidemiology and applying disease control measures based on limiting virus spread. We evaluated the transmission rates of two genetically divergent BBWV-1 isolates (PV-132 from USA and Ben from Spain) infecting broad bean (Vicia faba L.) by isofemale lines of nine aphid species from eight different genera collected in Spain. Our analyses showed that: (a) the virus concentration in the source plant was a key factor in BBWV-1 transmissibility; (b) The Spanish isolate Ben was transmitted more efficiently than the America…
Adaptations and Predispositions of Different Middle European Arthropod Taxa (Collembola, Araneae, Chilopoda, Diplopoda) to Flooding and Drought Condi…
2012
Simple Summary This review summarizes adaptations and predispositions of different arthropod taxa (springtails, web spiders, millipedes and centipedes) to flood and drought conditions. The main focus sis directed to arthropod species, which are living in Middle European floodplain forests and wetlands, because of the fast change of flood and drought conditions in these habitats. Furthermore the effects of the predicted regional climate change like increasing aperiodic summer flooding and decreasing winter and spring floods are also discussed. Abstract Floodplain forests and wetlands are amongst the most diverse and species rich habitats on earth. Arthropods are a key group for the high dive…
Prediction Models for Age-at-Death Estimates for Calves, Using Unfused Epiphyses and Diaphyses
2013
For cattle (Bos taurus), age estimations using dental criteria before the eruption of the first molar (3-8months) have large error margins. This hampers archaeozoological investigation into perinatal mortality or the putative slaughtering of very young calves for milk exploitation. Previous ageing methods for subjuveniles have focused on the length of unfused bones, but it is rarely possible to use them because they are restricted to foetuses and because of the fragmentation of bones. This paper presents new age prediction models based on length, breadth and depth of post cranial bones produced from a dataset of modern calves (n=27). This reference collection was compiled from material of k…
Biological activity of Bacillus spp. evaluated on eggs and larvae of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
2014
This study was conducted to characterize the Bacillus populations associated with dead Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, to develop a biological control for the red palm weevil. Dead adult beetles, collected throughout Sicily, were used for isolating internal and external spore forming bacteria (SFB) microbiota. The isolates, preliminarily allotted to the Bacillaceae family, were tested at 4 concentrations (103 to 106 CFU/mL) for their ability to inhibit hatching of eggs of R. ferrugineus and were used at 106 CFU/mL to monitor their insecticidal activity against 10 day-old larvae. Total amounts of SFB measured outside the skeleton and in the inners part of the beetles were 5.59-6.94 and 5.17-7.05 …
Molecular detection of Bartonella spp. in deer ked pupae, adult keds and moose blood in Finland
2014
SUMMARYThe deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) is a haematophagous ectoparasite of cervids that harbours haemotrophic Bartonella. A prerequisite for the vector competence of the deer ked is the vertical transmission of the pathogen from the mother to its progeny and transstadial transmission from pupa to winged adult. We screened 1154 pupae and 59 pools of winged adult deer keds from different areas in Finland for Bartonella DNA using PCR. Altogether 13 pupa samples and one winged adult deer ked were positive for the presence of Bartonella DNA. The amplified sequences were closely related to either B. schoenbuchensis or B. bovis. The same lineages were identified in eight blood samples collected fro…
Comparison between rectal and body surface temperature in dogs by the calibrated infrared thermometer
2020
Highlights • Dogs poorly tolerate rectal temperature measurements with a contact thermometer. • Existing alternative approaches used uncalibrated infrared thermometers. • Gum and inguinal temperature are correlated moderately to rectal temperature. • Hyperthermia was detected with sensitivity and specificity up to 90.0% and 78.6%. • Future studies should include a calibrated thermometer and control external factors.
Fascioliasis in Llama, Lama glama, in Andean Endemic Areas: Experimental Transmission Capacity by the High Altitude Snail Vector Galba truncatula and…
2021
Simple Summary The infection by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica in South American camelids, mainly llamas and alpacas, has been the focus of many studies. However, their capacity to participate in the transmission of the disease and their potential reservoir role in human or animal endemic areas have never been studied. Therefore, all development stages of an isolate from Argentine llama of the high Andean plateau have been experimentally investigated, from egg embryogenesis to metacercarial infectivity, by using the vector snail Galba truncatula from the high altitude Bolivian Altiplano human hyperendemic area. Although eggs shed by llamas may successfully develop until the adult stage i…
Aplicação do conceito One Health na área hiperendêmica de fasciolíase humana do Altiplano Boliviano: biologia dos limneídeos, dinâmica populacional, …
2021
Abstract Fascioliasis is a freshwater snail-borne zoonotic disease. The Northern Bolivian Altiplano is a very high altitude endemic area where the highest human prevalences and intensities have been reported. Preventive chemotherapy by treatment campaigns is yearly applied. However, liver fluke infection of cattle, sheep, pigs and donkeys assures endemicity and consequent human infection and re-infection risks. A One Health action has therefore been implemented. Activity concerns lymnaeid vectors and environment diversity. Studies included growth, egg-laying and life span in laboratory-reared lymnaeids. Different habitat types and influencing factors were assessed. All populations proved to…
Sheep and Cattle Reservoirs in the Highest Human Fascioliasis Hyperendemic Area: Experimental Transmission Capacity, Field Epidemiology, and Control …
2020
The Northern Bolivian Altiplano is the human fascioliasis hyperendemic area where the highest prevalences and intensities of infection by Fasciola hepatica in humans have been reported. Four animal species are the reservoir species for F. hepatica in this area, namely, sheep, cattle, pigs, and donkeys. Livestock for the Aymara inhabitants is crucial because vegetable cultures are not viable due to the inhospitality of the very high altitude of 3,820–4,100 m. A One Health initiative has been implemented in this area in recent years, as the first such control action in a human endemic area ever. Among the different control axes included, special focus is devoted to the two main reservoirs she…
Isolation and toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis from potato-growing areas in Bolivia
2004
Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from 116 samples collected in high altitude potato-growing areas in Bolivia. In these regions, main potato pests are the potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella, and the Andean weevils Premnotrypes latithorax and Rhigopsidius tucumanus. B. thuringiensis was found in 60% of the samples. The main percentage of samples with B. thuringiensis was found in larvae of R. tucumanus (78%). Bioassays were performed with 112 isolates. None resulted toxic to either larvae or adults of the two Andean weevils. However, 18 isolates from this study showed more toxicity against the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua than the standard strain var. kurstaki isolated from DELFIN…