Search results for "Veterinary"
showing 10 items of 3026 documents
Decomposer animal communities in forest soil along heavy metal pollution gradient
1996
Responses of soil decomposer animals to heavy metal contamination and to concomitant changes in organic matter quality and quantity and in soil microbial biomasses have been studied along a pollution gradient from a Cu-Ni smelter. Samples have been taken separately for nematodes, enchytraeids and microarthropods 0.5, 2 and 8 km from the smelter. Special attention has been paid to the changes in the collembolan fauna. The sampling sites have been located in homogeneous Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) forests with podsolic soil profiles. In addition, an experiment has been carried out in which intact soil cores have been transferred in mesh baskets between the sites 2 and 8 km from the smelter…
Reduction of the frequency of herbaceous roots as an effect of soil compaction induced by heavy grazing in rangelands of SW Spain
2017
Rangelands in SW Spain constitute the most extensive ranching system on the Iberian Peninsula. During the last few decades, a significant increase in livestock numbers, along with a progressive substitution of cattle for sheep, have led to land degradation processes such as the reduction of grass cover and increased soil compaction in heavily grazed areas. Nevertheless, a better understanding of how soil compaction affects grass production is still needed. In this study, some of the effects of soil compaction due to heavy grazing are analysed, mainly the reduction of the frequency of herbaceous roots and its relationships with bulk density and soil penetration resistance. The study was carr…
Influence of polysaccharides on wine protein aggregation.
2016
Abstract Polysaccharides are the major high-molecular weight components of wines. In contrast, proteins occur only in small amounts in wine, but contribute to haze formation. The detailed mechanism of aggregation of these proteins, especially in combination with other wine components, remains unclear. This study demonstrates the different aggregation behavior between a buffer and a model wine system by dynamic light scattering. Arabinogalactan-protein, for example, shows an increased aggregation in the model wine system, while in the buffer system a reducing effect is observed. Thus, we could show the importance to examine the behavior of wine additives under conditions close to reality, in…
Effects of tannin-containing diets on small ruminant meat quality
2010
Tannins are phenolic compounds present in several forages, tree leaves and by-products used for small ruminant feeding in the Mediterranean area. Although the effects of dietary tannins on small ruminant growth performances have been largely studied, only in the last ten years researchers have started to study the effects of tannins on meat quality. Meat from small ruminants given tanniniferous diets is lighter in colour compared to meat from animals given the same diets but in which the effects of tannins have been eliminated by the supplementation of polyethylene glycol. This result has been obtained with tannins from different feeds (carob pulp, acacia leaves or sulla fresh herbage). Rec…
Patterns of earthworm, enchytraeid and nematode diversity and community structure in urban soils of different ages
2016
Annelids (Lumbricidae and Enchytraeidae) and nematodes are common soil organisms and play important roles in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling and creation of soil structure and porosity. However, these three groups have rarely been studied together and only few studies exist for urban soils. We studied the diversity and community composition of annelids and nematodes in soils spanning more than two centuries of urban soil development in Neuchâtel (Switzerland) and assessed the relationships 1) among these three groups and 2) between each group and environmental (physical, chemical and functional) characteristics of soils and soil age. While the groups of environmental variable…
Reducing of acrylamide formation in wheat biscuits supplemented with flaxseed and lupine
2016
Abstract The use of pseudo-cereals for wheat products making is to fortify the deficiency of nutritional value in wheat flour. However rich in proteins plant additives could increase acrylamide content in baked products. The present study was focused on acrylamide reduction in wheat flour biscuits supplemented with lupine and defatted flaxseed flour treated by solid state (SSF) and submerged (SMF) fermentations by Lactobacillus sakei , Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus acidilactici strains. After fermentation the decrease in asparagine was on average of 67.6 and 80.6%, and reducing sugar contents were reduced by 18 and 79.4% in flaxseed and lupine, respectively. The most effective acr…
Influence of Nitrogen Content on Grape Non-Saccharomyces Glycosidic Activities
2019
This study investigated the influence of nitrogen content on both β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase activities from non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Enzymatic activities were induced by the presence of xylan polysaccharides in the medium. Results show that optimizing β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase enzymatic activities can be determined not only by sugar or ethanol content or pH, but also by the concentration of N in the medium. This is the first work studying the influence of N content on glycolytic enzymes produced by non-Saccharomyces yeasts.
Study of the factors influencing the bioaccessibility of 10 elements from chocolate drink powder
2016
Abstract A risk/benefit assessment of chocolate drink powder has been conducted by evaluating the total contents and the bioaccessibilities of Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P and Zn. The bioaccessibility was studied considering the type of sample (traditional, light, diet and organic) and the different factors that may affect it, including physical-chemical parameters of the human digestive process (gastric pH, concentration of bile salts and presence of lipase) and the presence of dietary components (phytate, pectin, cellulose and tannin). The bioaccessibility varied greatly according to the sample type, being greater in the diet and organic samples, and on the element being considered (…
Effect of Cd-containing wood ash on the microflora of coniferous forest humus
2000
The use of wood ash in forestry has been questioned because the cadmium (Cd) concentration of ash, which varies between 1 and 20 mg kg(-1) ash, exceeds the level allowed for fertilizers (3 mg kg(-1)) used in agriculture. To investigate the combined and separated effects of Cd and ash on the forest humus microflora, pumice or wood ash, spiked with a water-soluble (CdCl(2)) or -insoluble (CdO) form of Cd at three levels (0, 400 and 1000 mg kg(-1)), were applied at a fertilization level of 5000 kg ha(-1) in a laboratory microcosm study. The trial consisted of 60 microcosms (five replications per treatment), which were incubated in darkness at +20 degrees C and a constant relative air humidity …
Abundance and activity of nitrate reducers in an arable soil are more affected by temporal variation and soil depth than by elevated atmospheric [CO2]
2011
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) might change the abundance and the function of soil microorganisms in the depth profile of agricultural soils by plant-mediated reactions. The seasonal pattern of abundance and activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria was studied in a Mini-FACE experiment planted with oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Three depths (0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm) were sampled. Analyses of the abundances of total (16S rRNA gene) and nitrate-reducing bacteria (narG, napA) revealed strong influences of sampling date and depth, but no [CO2] effects. Abundance and activity of nitrate reducers were higher in the top soil layer and decreased with depth but were not re…