Search results for "Viral hepatitis."
showing 10 items of 102 documents
Liver fibrosis: Common mechanisms and antifibrotic therapies
2015
Liver fibrosis and in particular cirrhosis have become major endpoints in clinical trials of patients with chronic liver diseases. Here, viral hepatitis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis have become the major etiologies. We have made great progress in our understanding of the mechanisms and the cell biology of liver fibrosis and have already made the transition from preclinical testing of antifibrotic agents and strategies towards clinical translation. There continues to be an urgent need for specific antifibrotic therapies, despite the advent of highly potent antiviral agents that can even induce regression of advanced fibrosis. This review addresses central mechanisms and cells…
Processing Strategies to Inactivate Hepatitis A Virus in Food Products: A Critical Review
2015
Hepatitis A infection, caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), is the leading cause of human viral hepatitis throughout the world and is mainly propagated via the fecal–oral route. Transnational outbreaks of food-borne infections are reported with increasing frequency as a consequence of international food trade. Food-borne outbreaks caused by HAV are mainly associated with bivalve molluscs, produce (soft fruits and leafy greens), and ready-to-eat meals. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a structured and systematic review of the published literature on the current state of knowledge regarding the stability of HAV in foods as well as the efficacy of food processing strategies and to identi…
HCV-induced immune responses influence the development of operational tolerance after liver transplantation in humans.
2014
Pathogen-induced immune responses prevent the establishment of transplantation tolerance in experimental animal models. Whether this occurs in humans as well remains unclear. The development of operational tolerance in liver transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection allows us to address this question. We conducted a clinical trial of immunosuppression withdrawal in HCV-infected adult liver recipients to elucidate (i) the mechanisms through which allograft tolerance can be established in the presence of an ongoing inflammatory response and (ii) whether anti-HCV heterologous immune responses influence this phenomenon. Of 34 enrolled liver recipients, drug withdrawal…
Statements from the Taormina expert meeting on occult hepatitis B virus infection
2008
Giovanni Raimondo*, Jean-Pierre Allain, Maurizia R. Brunetto, Marie-Annick Buendia, Ding-Shinn Chen, Massimo Colombo, Antonio Craxi, Francesco Donato, Carlo Ferrari, Giovanni B. Gaeta, Wolfram H. Gerlich, Massimo Levrero, Stephen Locarnini, Thomas Michalak, Mario U. Mondelli, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Teresa Pollicino, Daniele Prati, Massimo Puoti, Didier Samuel, Daniel Shouval, Antonina Smedile, Giovanni Squadrito, Christian Trepo, Erica Villa, Hans Will, Alessandro R. Zanetti, Fabien Zoulim
Forecasting Hepatitis C liver disease burden on real-life data. Does the hidden iceberg matter to reach the elimination goals?
2018
Abstract Background & Aims Advances in direct‐acting antiviral treatment of HCV have reinvigorated public health initiatives aimed at identifying affected individuals. We evaluated the possible impact of only diagnosed and linked‐to‐care individuals on overall HCV burden estimates and identified a possible strategy to achieve the WHO targets by 2030. Methods Using a modelling approach grounded in Italian real‐life data of diagnosed and treated patients, different linkage‐to‐care scenarios were built to evaluate potential strategies in achieving the HCV elimination goals. Results Under the 40% linked‐to‐care scenario, viraemic burden would decline (60%); however, eligible patients to treat w…
Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine, booster policy, and impact of hepatitis B virus mutants
2005
The long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine, long-term effectiveness of hepatitis B immunisation programmes, immune memory induced by hepatitis B vaccine, current booster policies, and impact of hepatitis B virus mutants on immunisation programmes were reviewed at the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board (VHPB) meeting in Sevilla, Spain, March 2004. The main focus was on universal vaccination programmes with data being presented from Italy, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, The Gambia, and USA (Alaska).
Analysis of the precore DNA sequence and detection of precore antigen in liver specimens from patients with anti-hepatitis b e—positive chronic hepat…
1995
A number of naturally occurring hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants unable to synthesize the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) have been identified in patients characterized by HBV DNA and anti-HBe in their serum. Because the analysis of the HBV-associated DNA and antigens in the liver tissue is still not complete, we investigated the precore sequence of HBV DNA and its encoded proteins in the liver tissue of 32 patients positive for HBV DNA and anti-HBe in their serum. Three different groups of patients were identified. Group I (n = 14) was characterized by viral DNA sequences with a G-A transition in the distal precore gene region, thus creating a termination codon (TAG). Liver tissue from this g…
Novel artemisinin derivatives with potential usefulness against liver/colon cancer and viral hepatitis.
2013
Antitumor and antiviral properties of the antimalaria drug artemisinin from Artemisia annua have been reported. Novel artemisinin derivatives (AD1-AD8) have been synthesized and evaluated using in vitro models of liver/colon cancer and viral hepatitis B and C. Cell viability assays after treating human cell lines from hepatoblastoma (HepG2), hepatocarcinoma (SK-HEP-1), and colon adenocarcinoma (LS174T) with AD1-AD8 for a short (6h) and long (72h) period revealed that AD5 combined low acute toxicity together with high antiproliferative effect (IC50=1-5μM). Since iron-mediated activation of peroxide bond is involved in artemisinin antimalarial activity, the effect of iron(II)-glycine sulfate …
Viral Hepatitis — An Update
1983
In 1973, Feinstone and co-workers [52] were the first to report the visualization of virus-like particles by immune electron microscopy in acute phase stool specimens of human volunteers who developed hepatitis following inoculation with MS-1 strain of hepatitis A virus [18]. Soon thereafter morphologically identical particles were recovered from the stool of individuals acquiring hepatitis during natural outbreaks of the disease [39, 64].
Dental considerations in patients with liver disease
2011
Introduction: Liver diseases are very common, and the main underlying causes are viral infections, alcohol abuse and lipid and carbohydrate metabolic disorders. The liver has a broad range of functions in maintaining homeostasis and health, and moreover metabolizes many drug substances. Objective: An update is provided on the oral manifestations seen in patients with viral hepatitis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and on the dental management of such patients. Material and methods: A Medline-PubMed search was conducted of the literature over the last 15 years using the keywords: “hepatitis”, “alcoholic hepatitis”, “fatty liver”, “cirrhosis…