Search results for "Viral hepatitis."
showing 10 items of 102 documents
Unexplained chronic liver disease in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
2018
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is assumed to be the major cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) in sub-Saharan Africa. The contribution of other aetiological causes of CLD is less well documented and hence opportunities to modulate other potential risk factors are being lost. The aims of this study were to explore the aetiological spectrum of CLD in eastern Ethiopia and to identify plausible underlying risk factors for its development. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken between April 2015 and April 2016 in two public hospitals in Harar, eastern Ethiopia. The study population comprised of consenting adults with clinical and radiological evidence of chronic liver dise…
Baseline prediction of combination therapy outcome in hepatitis C virus 1b infected patients by discriminant analysis using viral and host factors.
2010
Background Current treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has limited efficacy −especially among genotype 1 infected patients−, is costly, and involves severe side effects. Thus, predicting non-response is of major interest for both patient wellbeing and health care expense. At present, treatment cannot be individualized on the basis of any baseline predictor of response. We aimed to identify pre-treatment clinical and virological parameters associated with treatment failure, as well as to assess whether therapy outcome could be predicted at baseline. Methodology Forty-three HCV subtype 1b (HCV-1b) chronically infected patients treated with pegylated-interferon alpha plus ri…
Prevalence of Autoantibodies to the p53 Protein in Autoimmune Hepatitis
2003
The target antigens of anti-nuclear autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are poorly characterised. Since antibodies to the p53 nuclear protein have been reported in various autoimmune diseases, we have assessed the prevalence of these antibodies in patients with AIH (n = 45), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 60), hepatitis B (n = 22), hepatitis C (n = 55), and in a control group of subjects with various non-liver diseases (n = 56). A significant proportion of patients with AIH (31%) had elevated levels of autoantibodies to the p53 protein. In contrast, the prevalence of these antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis (8%) and viral hepatitis (6%) was similar to that in the control group…
Safety and immunogenicity of double-dose versus standard-dose hepatitis B revaccination in non-responding adults with HIV-1 (ANRS HB04 B-BOOST): a mu…
2015
Equipe CHU UB (EA) Pôle MERS CT3 Hors Enjeu ANRS HB04 B-BOOST study group : Hugues Aumaitre (Centre Hospitalier Marechal Joff re, Perpignan, France); Jean-Luc Berger (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims– Hopital Robert Debre, Reims, France); Alain Devidas (Hopital Gilles de Corbeil–Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil Essonne, France); Sophie Abgrall (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Avicenne, Avicenne, France); Olivier Patey (Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Villeneuve St Georges, Villeneuve Saint Georges, France); Marie-Christine Drobacheff Thiebaut (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besancon–Hopital Saint Jacques, Besancon, France); Frederic Lucht (Centre Hospitalier Uni…
Effectiveness and safety of switching to entecavir hepatitis B patients developing kidney dysfunction during tenofovir
2019
Background and Aims: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is recommended for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment, but it may induce kidney dysfunction whose management is not yet known. This Italian, multicentre, retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of switching to entecavir (ETV) patients who developed TDF-associated glomerular and/or tubular dysfunction. Methods: A total of 103 TDF-treated patients were included as follows: age 64 years, 83% male, 49% cirrhotics, 98% with undetectable HBV DNA, 47% with previous lamivudine resistance (LMV-R) and 71% previously treated with adefovir. Twenty-nine (28%) were switched to ETV because estimated glomerular filtration rate (e…
High sustained virologic response rates in children with chronic hepatitis C receiving peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin
2010
Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alfa-2b plus ribavirin (RBV) is the standard of care for adults with chronic hepatitis C but was not approved for the treatment of children at the time of this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEG-IFN alfa-2b plus RBV in children.Children and adolescents ages 3-17 years were treated with PEG-IFN alfa-2b (60microg/m(2)/week) plus RBV (15mg/kg/day). The duration of therapy was 24 weeks for genotype (G) 2 and G3 patients with low viral load (600,000IU/ml) and 48 weeks for G1, G4, and G3 with high viral load (or=600,000IU/ml). The primary end point was sustained virologic response (SVR), defined as undetectable hepatitis C vi…
Significance of the effective remnant liver volume in major hepatectomies
2005
The aim of this study is to identify the minimum safe amount of effective remnant liver volume (ERLV) in patients undergoing a major hepatectomy. Thirty-eight consecutive major hepatectomies (resection of ≥3 Couinaud segments) performed between July 1999 and March 2004 in which a frozen section liver biopsy was obtained were included. No patient had chronic viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, or cholestasis. The total liver volume (TLV) was calculated using the Vauthey formula, and the postsurgical liver volume (PSLV) was derived by subtracting the estimated volume of liver resected from the TLV. The PSLV minus the percentage of macrovesicular steatosis as nonfunctional liver was defined as the ef…
Phylogenetic Analysis of isolates from new cases of HBV infection in Southern Italy.
2012
The level of endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in Italy is low and genotype D infections predominant. New HBV strains may however be introduced as a result of movements of people from regions of high endemicity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether strains from new cases of acute hepatitis B detected in southern Italy were due to endemic or new HBV strains. We studied 34 isolates from patients with acute hepatitis B infection, and 35 from chronic hepatitis B patients. A phylogenetic analysis of preS/S region was done by comparing the sequences from the acute and chronic cases with references sequences. The study showed that 44% of strain from acute hepatitis …
Antibodies to hepatitis B virus x-protein in sera of patients with acute and chronic acitve hepatitis
1989
Sera of patients with acute (AH) and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) were tested for anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) x-protein (HBx) by immunoblotting, using recombinant MS2- and beta gal-HBx fusion proteins as substrate. Antibodies against HBx were detected in 5 out of 17 patients with AH at an early stage of infection, and in 13 out of 35 patients with CAH. Positive sera from AH patients showed a relatively weak anti-HBx reactivity when compared to sera from CAH patients. In follow up studies we tested serial serum samples from patients positive for anti-HBx. Patients with AH were observed for 3 to 6 weeks and CAH patients for up to 51 months. In general anti-HBx reactivities appeared to be s…
The role of positive selection in hepatitis C virus
2008
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem worldwide, infecting an estimated 170 million people. In this study, we have employed a large data set of sequences (14,654 sequences from between 25 and 100 clone sequences per analyzed region and per patient) from 67 patients infected with HCV genotype 1 (23 subtype 1a and 44 subtype 1b). For all patients, a sample prior to combined therapy with alpha interferon plus ribavirin was available, whereas for some patients additional samples after 6 or 12 months of treatment were also available. Twenty-seven patients responded to treatment (12 subtype 1a and 15 subtype 1b) and forty patients did not respond to treatment (11 subtype 1a vs. 29 sub…