Search results for "Vole"

Capacità e incapacità

2018

Il volume prende in esame le più rilevanti questioni interpretative, che registrano tuttora discordanze di opinioni, relative alla capacità giuridica, di agire, nonché di intendere e di volere. Particolare attenzione è dedicata all’incidenza delle più o meno recenti novelle a protezione degli incapaci di agire sull’obiettivo, perseguìto dal legislatore, della valorizzazione della personalità, della dignità e dell’autodeterminazione di ciascun individuo, nella prospettiva di un ripensamento delle distinzioni, operate dalla dottrina prevalente, tra capacità giuridica e capacità di agire, e, con riguardo al minore, tra sfera personale e sfera patrimoniale. The volume shall consider the most re…

Prefazione

2018

Le brevi considerazioni che precedono i capitoli del volume illustrano alcune delle ragioni che hanno spinto il curatore dello stesso a prendere in esame con altri studiosi gli istituti della capacità giuridica, della capacità di agire (nonché di protezione dell’incapace), e della capacità d’intendere e di volere. The brief considerations that precede the chapters of the volume illustrate the reasons that have pushed the editor to take in examination, with other researchers, the institutes of the legal ability, of the ability to act (as well as of protection of the incapable one), and of the mental capacity.

Evolutionary conflicts in a small mammal : behavioural, physiological and genetic differences between the sexes

2011

Introgression of mitochondrial DNA among Myodes voles: consequences for energetics?

2011

Background Introgression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is among the most frequently described cases of reticulate evolution. The tendency of mtDNA to cross interspecific barriers is somewhat counter-intuitive considering the key function of enzymes that it encodes in the oxidative-phosphorylation process, which could give rise to hybrid dysfunction. How mtDNA reticulation affects the evolution of metabolic functions is, however, uncertain. Here we investigated how morpho-physiological traits vary in natural populations of a common rodent (the bank vole, Myodes glareolus) and whether this variation could be associated with mtDNA introgression. First, we confirmed that M. glareolus harbour mtD…

Data from: Predator–vole interactions in northern Europe: the role of small mustelids revised

2014

The cyclic population dynamics of vole and predator communities is a key phenomenon in northern ecosystems, and it appears to be influenced by climate change. Reports of collapsing rodent cycles have attributed the changes to warmer winters, which weaken the interaction between voles and their specialist subnivean predators. Using population data collected throughout Finland during 1986–2011, we analyse the spatio-temporal variation in the interactions between populations of voles and specialist, generalist and avian predators, and investigate by simulations the roles of the different predators in the vole cycle. We test the hypothesis that vole population cyclicity is dependent on predator…

Data from: Food provisioning alters infection dynamics in populations of a wild rodent

2015

While pathogens are often assumed to limit the growth of wildlife populations, experimental evidence for their effects is rare. A lack of food resources has been suggested to enhance the negative effects of pathogen infection on host populations, but this theory has received little investigation. We conducted a replicated two-factor enclosure experiment, with introduction of the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica and food supplementation, to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of pathogen infection and food availability on vole populations during a boreal winter. We show that prior to bacteria introduction, vole populations were limited by food availability. Bordetella bronchis…

Data from: Food limitation constrains host immune responses to nematode infections

2016

Trade-offs in the allocation of finite-energy resources among immunological defences and other physiological processes are believed to influence infection risk and disease severity in food-limited wildlife populations. However, this prediction has received little experimental investigation. Here we test the hypothesis that food limitation impairs the ability of wild field voles (Microtus agrestis) to mount an immune response against parasite infections. We conducted a replicated experiment on vole populations maintained in large outdoor enclosures during boreal winter, using food supplementation and anthelmintic treatment of intestinal nematodes. Innate immune responses against intestinal p…

Data from: Maternal antibodies contribute to sex based difference in hantavirus transmission dynamics

2014

Individuals often differ in their ability to transmit disease and identifying key individuals for transmission is a major issue in epidemiology. Male hosts are often thought to be more important than females for parasite transmission and persistence. However, the role of infectious females, particularly the transient immunity provided to offspring through maternal antibodies (MatAbs), has been neglected in discussions about sex-biased infection transmission. We examined the effect of host sex upon infection dynamics of zoonotic Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) in semi-natural, experimental populations of bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Populations were founded with either females or males that were …

Forderungen und Erwartungen an einen optimalen Volumenersatz

2005

A volume replacement should compensate a reduction in the intravascular volume and counteract a hypovolemia so that hemodynamics and vital functions can be maintained. For this therapy, a physiologically-based solution comprising both osmotically and colloid osmotically active components should be administered. A consensus is proposed for this purpose which takes into consideration the following aspects: The optimum colloid, the questionable use of albumin, the physiological electrolyte pattern encompassing sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphate and their contributions to osmolality, an eventual addition of glucose, the physiological acid-base status with bicarbonate or alternately with …

Prediction of dilutional acidosis based on the revised classical dilution concept for bicarbonate

2004

Due to the controversy surrounding the term dilutional acidosis, the classical dilution concept for bicarbonate has been rigorously revised for the prediction of pH, actual bicarbonate concentration, and base excess. In the algorithms derived for buffer solutions, blood, and whole body (1-, 2-, and 3-fluid compartment), only bicarbonate is considered. On dilution at constant Pco2, the final concentration of bicarbonate is the sum in terms of pH, due to the following processes: dilution, formation from chemical reaction with the nonbicarbonate buffers phosphate, hemoglobin, and plasma proteins, and transfer from erythrocytes and interstitial fluid to plasma. At constant Pco2, the level of c…