Search results for "Vulcan"

TRACE ELEMENT BEHAVIOUR IN SEAWATER DURING PYROCLASTIC ETNA'S ACTIVITY IN 2001. CONCURRENT EFFECTS OF NUTRIENTS AND FORMATION OF ALTERATION MINERALS

2010

From July 13 2001 began the most intense Etna's eruptive activity in the last 300 years. While this phenomenon occurred the oceanographic cruise ANSIC 01 was carrying out. Therefore the unique opportunity is arisen to investigate the chemical effects on marine system of delivery of large amount of pyroclastic particles (about 1 g m-2) into seawater. Comparing collected trace element data with those analysed during the oceanographic cruise JUVENILE 99, carried out two years before, large enrichments in V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Pb contents have been recognised and attributed to leaching of freshly-erupted volcanic ash. Further comparison between to-day and previous collected trace element da…

Volcanogenic particulates and gases from Etna volcano (Italy)

2014

Volcanic emissions represent one of the most relevant natural sources of trace elements to the troposphere. Due to their potential toxicity they may have important environmental impacts from the local to the global scale and they can severely affect the atmospheric and terrestrial environment also at timescales ranging from a few to million years. Etna volcano is known as one of the largest global contributors of magmatic gases (CO2, SO2, and halogens) and particulate matter, including some toxic trace elements. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition and the mineralogical features of the volcanogenic aerosol passively emitted from Mt. Etna. Nine samples were coll…

Geochemistry and isotope composition (Sr, Pb, δ66Zn) of Vulcano fumaroles (Aeolian Islands, Italy)

2018

We present and discuss temperatures, major and trace element gas geochemistry, radiogenic isotopes (Pb, Sr) and the first Zn isotope data of fumarole condensates and altered rocks from the Vulcano fumarolic field. The fumaroles of the La Fossa cone, sampled on 5th May 2015, have temperatures ranging between 233 and 427 °C. They plot compositionally on the mixing trend between the magmatic and hydrothermal end-members defined by previous studies, but are strongly displaced towards the hydrothermal component. Correlations of radiogenic (Sr, Pb) and stable isotopes of Zn with δ13CCO2 and several trace elements of the fumarolic acid condensates support mixing between the above mentioned distinc…

First determination of magma-derived gas emissions from Bromo volcano, eastern Java (Indonesia)

2015

The composition and fluxes of volcanic gases released by persistent open-vent degassing at Bromo Volcano, east Java (Indonesia), were characterised in September 2014 from both in-situ Multi-GAS analysis and remote spectroscopic (dual UV camera) measurements of volcanic plume emissions. Our results demonstrate that Bromo volcanic gas is water-rich (H2O/SO2 ratios of 56-160) and has CO2/SO2 (4.1 +/- 0.7) and CO2/S-tot (3.2 +/- 0.7) ratios within the compositional range of other high-temperature magma-derived gases in Indonesia. H-2/H2O and H2S/SO2 ratios constrain a magmatic gas source with minimal temperature of 700 degrees C and oxygen fugacity of 10(-17)-10(-18) bars. UV camera sensing on …

Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption

2016

Magmatic intrusions and volcanic eruptions are intimately related phenomena. Shallow magma intrusion builds subsurface reservoirs that are drained by volcanic eruptions. Thus, the long-held view is that intrusions must precede and feed eruptions. Here we show that explosive eruptions can also cause magma intrusion. We provide an account of a rapidly emplaced laccolith during the 2011 rhyolite eruption of Cordón Caulle, Chile. Remote sensing indicates that an intrusion began after eruption onset and caused severe (>200 m) uplift over 1 month. Digital terrain models resolve a laccolith-shaped body ∼0.8 km3. Deformation and conduit flow models indicate laccolith depths of only ∼20–200 m and ov…

Volcanic health hazard: the acidification of seawater and trace metals accumulation study in Blue Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Vulcano Island…

2013

Gas in volcanic lakes: from dissolved gases to lake gas plumes

Monticchio Lakes

2020

The crater lakes are a natural hazard for the population living near them because they can generate liminic explosions, like as the disaster of Nyos lake (Cameroon 1986), in which 1476 people and thousands of animals died. Crater lakes are able to store magmatic and hydrothermal gases and solubilising them into the water. An overpressure of the dissolved gases can generate a limnic eruption. Italy is characterised by an intense volcanic and seismic activity. Evidences of this past volcanism are the numerous crater lakes in Lazio and Campania. The most famous are Bolsena lakes, Vico, Bracciano, Monticchio lakes, Mezzano, Martignano, Albano, Nemi, Averno. The Monticchio lakes (Piccolo Lake (L…

Practical Volcano-Independent Recognition of Seismic Events: VULCAN.ears Project

2021

Recognizing the mechanisms underlying seismic activity and tracking temporal and spatial patterns of earthquakes represent primary inputs to monitor active volcanoes and forecast eruptions. To quantify this seismicity, catalogs are established to summarize the history of the observed types and number of volcano-seismic events. In volcano observatories the detection and posterior classification or labeling of the events is manually performed by technicians, often suffering a lack of unified criteria and eventually resulting in poorly reliable labeled databases. State-of-the-art automatic Volcano-Seismic Recognition (VSR) systems allow real-time monitoring and consistent catalogs. VSR systems…

Diffuse soil CO2 degassing from Linosa island

2014

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