Search results for "Vulcano"

First volatile inventory for Gorely volcano, Kamchatka

2012

We report here the very first assessment of volatile flux emissions from Gorely, an actively degassing volcano in Kamchatka. Using a variety of in situ and remote sensing techniques, we determined the bulk plume concentrations of major volatiles (H2O 93.5%, CO2, 2.6%, SO2 2.2%, HCl 1.1%, HF 0.3%, H2 0.2%) and trace-halogens (Br, I), therefore estimating a total gas release of 11,000 tons·day−1 during September 2011, at which time the target was non-eruptively degassing at 900°C. Gorely is a typical arc emitter, contributing 0.3% and 1.6% of the total global fluxes from arc volcanism for CO2 and HCl, respectively. We show that Gorely's volcanic gas (H2O/SO2 43, CO2/SO2 1.2, HCl/SO2 0.5) is a…

Hydrothermal circulation on Ischia Island (Southern Italy), revealed by an integrated geochemical, geophysical and geological approach

2011

Volcano-hosted hydrothermal systems are complex geological objects, whose thorough characterisation requires extensive and interdisciplinary work. Indeed, even thought geological, geochemical and geophysical observations offer highly significant but independent information, only an integrated multidisciplinary approach can yield a comprehensive characterisation of the chemical/physical structure of hydrothermal systems. Notwithstanding the extensive application of geological, geochemical and geophysical techniques in geothermal research, there are only a few examples in the literature of concurrent use of the three techniques [Finizola et al., 2002; Zlotnicki et al., 2009]; these studies ov…

Principles and method for H2 and CO2 monitoring in volcanic areas: preliminary results for Stromboli and Etna volcanoes

2011

Outgassing of mantle fluids across an tectonically active crustal segment in between two volcanic systems (Etna and Aeolian arc): the Nebrodi-Pelorit…

2018

Mantle-degassing occurs primarily through active volcanic systems and young oceanic lithosphere. Mantle-volatiles are also released by tectonically active continental regions, but the magnitude of this phenomenon is far less characterised. Helium (He) is a powerful tracer to track deep volatile degassing, because the mantle contains more 3He than the crust/atmosphere systems, which are dominated by radiogenic 4He produced in the crust. Here, we studied the volatiles in thermal manifestations discharged along the Nebrodi- Peloritani chain in north-eastern Sicily, with the aim of investigating the origin of thermalism and the related fluids. Thisseismically active region connects the African-…

Ludovico Sicardi, an unknown pioneer of the Volcanic Geochemical Monitoring

2018

On December of 1977, almost 100 years since its last eruption, intense volcanic activity took place in Vulcano Island (Sicily). The elevated fluxes and the temperature increase of the fumaroles in La Fossa Crater, as well as the variations in their chemical composition, alarmed the scientific community. During that period, in the city of Palermo, Marcello Carapezza along with his colleagues Mariano Valenza and Mario Nuccio, were studying the fumarolic field of Vulcano. After extended bibliographic research, Valenza discovered the studies of Ludovico Sicardi, which were focused on Vulcano, Stromboli, Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei. Considering the fact that Sicardi’s research was performed 60 yea…

Weathering of evaporites: natural versus anthropogenic signature on the composition of river waters

2015

Weathering of evaporites strongly influences the chemistry of continental runoff, making surface waters poorly exploitable for civil uses. In south-central Sicily, this phenomenon is worsened by the occurrence of abandoned landfills of old sulphur and salt mines. The industrial evolution of the Bosco-S. Cataldo mining site leaved two landfills from the early exploitation of a sulphur mine followed by that of a kainite deposit. In particular, the weathering of these landfills leads the dissolved salt (TDS) values up to about 200 g l−1 in the Stincone–Salito Stream waters. This process induces the V, Cr and Fe desorption from sediments and particulates in the aqueous phase under reducing cond…

Catalogue of the main gas manifestation of Greece: Geochemical characterisation and preliminary gas hazard assessment

2014

Quantification of gaseous emissions in geological systems is an important branch because it is a major source of greenhouse gas to the atmospheric budget. Of geological environments, there are two different categories: the first category includes emissions of the predominant carbon dioxide (CO 2), while the second includes emissions of the predominant methane (CH4). The Hellenic territory has a very complex geodynamic setting deriving from a long and complicated geological history. It is strongly characterized by intense seismic activity and enhanced geothermal gradient. This activity, with the contribution of an active volcanic arc, favours the existence of many cold and thermal gas manife…

Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO2 and implications for the global CO2 budget

2014

Quantifying the CO2 flux sustained by low-temperature fumarolic fields in hydrothermal/volcanic environments has remained a challenge, to date. Here, we explored the potential of a commercial infrared tunable laser unit for quantifying such fumarolic volcanic/hydrothermal CO2 fluxes. Our field tests were conducted between April 2013 and March 2014 at Nea Kameni (Santorini, Greece), Hekla and Krýsuvík (Iceland) and Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). At these sites, the tunable laser was used to measure the path-integrated CO2 mixing ratios along cross sections of the fumaroles' atmospheric plumes. By using a tomographic post-processing routine, we then obtained, for each manifestation, the co…

FTIR spectral analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter over the urban area of Palermo (Italy) during normal days and Saharan events

2010

The principal sources of particulate matter in Palermo urban area are gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles, domestic heating, resuspension of soil dust and a geogenic source which includes soil erosion, marine aerosol and sporadic Saharan events. Annual average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations result 27.8±9.8 and 21.3±5.1g/m3. The highest mass levels, 246 and 65 g/m3 respectively for PM10 and PM2.5, were observed during Saharan events. For the present study, which uses the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to provide insights on the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter, a total of 89 filters were collected: 13 PM10 filters from a sub-urban background station, 36 PM10 and 40 PM2.5 filters …

UVolc: A software platform for measuring volcanic SO2 fluxes

2012

We present here a novel stand-alone software platform, UVolc, for remotely sensed measurement of volcanic SO"2 emission rates. Such data are important diagnostics of activity conditions, with utility in forecasting measures. This code is made user friendly to enable volcanologists, who are not experts in the underlying physics of spectroscopy, to perform their own measurements. The program provides considerable reduction in errors and far greater operating flexibility than existing analogous code, which, unlike UVolc, can only interface with hardware no longer in manufacture. UVolc will be described here, including a presentation of data collected with this program in the field.