Search results for "Vulnerability."
showing 10 items of 397 documents
The Potential Role of miRNAs in Cognitive Frailty.
2021
Frailty is an aging related condition, which has been defined as a state of enhanced vulnerability to stressors, leading to a limited capacity to meet homeostatic demands. Cognitive impairment is also frequent in older people, often accompanying frailty. Age is the main independent risk factor for both frailty and cognitive impairment, and compelling evidence suggests that similar age-associated mechanisms could underlie both clinical conditions. Accordingly, it has been suggested that frailty and cognitive impairment share common pathways, and some authors proposed “cognitive frailty” as a single complex phenotype. Nevertheless, so far, no clear common underlying pathways have been discove…
Self-worth contingencies and obsessionality: A promising approach to vulnerability?
2012
Abstract Cognitive behavioral theories (CBT) posit deficiencies in selfhood processes as possible vulnerability factors for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). This paper presents two psychometric studies on the development of the Obsessional Concerns and Self Questionnaire (OCSQ), a measure of failure to attain self-worth in personal domains relevant to obsessionality. In the first study based on 563 community Spaniards, principal factor analysis of an 80 item pool resulted in a three factor solution and a final 35 item version (OCSQ-r). In the second study self-worth and symptom measures were administered to 152 Spanish, 142 Argentinean and 112 Canadian nonclinical samples. Group compari…
Facilitating climate change adaptation through communication:Insights from the development of a visualization tool
2015
Climate change communication on anticipated impacts and adaptive responses is frequently presented as an effective means to facilitate implementation of adaptation to mitigate risks to residential buildings. However, it requires that communication is developed in a way that resonates with the context of the target audience, provides intelligible information and addresses perceived barriers to adaptation. In this paper we reflect upon criteria for useful climate change communication gained over a three year development process of a web-based tool – VisAdapt™ – aimed at increasing the adaptive capacity among Nordic homeowners. Based on the results from continuous user-testing and focus group …
[RIU project: perceived changes by health agents and professionals after a health intervention in an urban area of socioeconomic disadvantage].
2013
Resumen Objetivo Describir los cambios percibidos por la población y los profesionales en relación con la salud y el uso de servicios tras la intervención RIU con agentes comunitarios en un barrio vulnerable. Diseño Estudio descriptivo cualitativo con entrevistas individuales y grupales y observación participante de octubre de 2008 a julio de 2009. Emplazamiento Barrio Raval (Algemesí-Valencia). Participantes Selección por muestreo opinático de 7 mujeres agentes de salud, todas las que finalizaron la intervención, y 10 profesionales implicados en la misma. Método Con las mujeres se mantuvo una entrevista grupal a los 6 meses, y una entrevista grupal y 7 individuales a los 9 meses de interve…
Security Challenges of IoT-Based Smart Home Appliances
2018
The Internet of Things, IoT, and the related security challenges are reaching homes in the form of smart appliances. If the appliances are compromised, they can be used in botnet attacks against Internet services and potentially cause harm to people and property through the local network, for example, by heating up too much or allowing unauthorized access. The aim of this study was to see how secure these devices are against remote and network attacks. Several devices were tested with attacks coming from the same Wi-Fi network to gain various levels of control of the devices. Their security against a Man-in-the-Middle attack was also studied to see differences in the susceptibility to conne…
How Vulnerable is the Reaction Time Concealed Information Test to Faking?
2021
The reaction time-based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) can be used to detect information a suspect wishes to conceal. While it is often argued that it is easily faked, empirical research on its vulnerability to faking is scarce. In three experiments, we tested whether receiving faking instructions enables guilty participants to fake an innocent test outcome in an RT-CIT. In Experiment 1, when not using a response deadline, we found the RT-CIT to be vulnerable to faking (d = 1.06). Experiment 2 showed that when using a response deadline, faking was ineffective (d = −0.25). Critically, Experiment 3 replicated these findings within one between-subject design, showing again a faking effect…
La precariedad laboral en inmigrantes en situación irregular en España y su relación con la salud
2009
ResumenObjetivoDescribir las características de la precariedad laboral en inmigrantes irregulares en España y su relación con la salud.MétodosEstudio cualitativo que utiliza los principios de la inducción analítica. Se definió una submuestra del proyecto ITSAL, cuya muestra teórica se identificó a partir de la definición de inmigrante en España y de la literatura. Las áreas de estudio fueron 4 ciudades de España. La muestra final fue de 44 trabajadores inmigrantes irregulares, de 4 nacionalidades.ResultadosAlgunas características de la precariedad laboral percibidas por los inmigrantes irregulares fueron: elevada inestabilidad laboral; ausencia total de empoderamiento en tanto no cuentan co…
Applying a framework for landscape planning under climate change for the conservation of biodiversity in the Finnish boreal forest
2015
Conservation strategies are often established without consideration of the impact of climate change. However, this impact is expected to threaten species and ecosystem persistence and to have dramatic effects towards the end of the 21st century. Landscape suitability for species under climate change is determined by several interacting factors including dispersal and human land use. Designing effective conservation strategies at regional scales to improve landscape suitability requires measuring the vulnerabilities of specific regions to climate change and determining their conservation capacities. Although methods for defining vulnerability categories are available, methods for doing this …
Gender, Weather Shocks and Welfare: Evidence from Malawi
2017
This paper explores the gender-differentiated effects of weather shocks on households’ welfare in Malawi using panel data aligned with climatic records. Results show that temperature shocks severely affect household welfare, reducing consumption, food consumption and daily caloric intake. The negative welfare effects are more severe for households where land is solely managed by women, a finding that sheds light on the gender-unequal impact of temperature shocks. Our evidence also suggests that women’s vulnerability to temperature shocks is linked to women’s land tenure security, as temperature shocks impact significantly women’s welfare only in patrilineal districts, where statistics show …
Evolución de los riesgos ambientales en el contexto de la crisis económica. Informe SESPAS 2014
2014
ResumenNuestro objetivo es analizar el impacto de la crisis económica-financiera en los determinantes ambientales de la salud. La Organización Mundial de la Salud estima que entre un 13% y un 27% de la carga de enfermedad de los países podría prevenirse mejorando el medio ambiente. Los efectos son de mayor magnitud en poblaciones más vulnerables, en especial entre los más pobres. En la última década, la contaminación atmosférica exterior (el riesgo ambiental más relevante, en términos de salud, para la mayoría de los países europeos) se ha reducido moderadamente, sobre todo por las políticas europeas de reducción de emisiones y por la disminución de la actividad con la crisis económica. En …