Search results for "WASTE TREATMENT"
showing 10 items of 72 documents
Cold vapour atomic fluorescence determination of mercury in milk by slurry sampling using multicommutation
2004
Abstract A highly sensitive mechanized method has been developed for the determination of mercury in milk by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Samples were sonicated for 10 min in an ultrasound water bath in the presence of 8% (v/v) aqua regia, 2% (v/v) antifoam A and 1% (m/v) hydroxilamine hydrochloride, and after that, they were treated with 8 mmol l −1 KBr and 1.6 mmol l −1 KBrO 3 in an hydrochloric medium. Atomic fluorescence measurements were made by multicommutation, which provides a fast alternative in quality control analysis, due to the easy treatment of a large number of samples (approximately 70 h −1 ), and is an environmentally friendly procedure, which involves a waste ge…
Locating a Waste Treatment Facility by Multicriteria Analysis
1997
We describe an application of multicriteria decision aid to the location of a waste treatment facility in eastern Finland. In Finland, the Act on Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure requires that when the amount of waste to be dealt with in a facility exceeds 20,000 tons per year, the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA) must be performed. In addition, the opinions of citizens and different interest groups need to be heard. Generally, EIA requires many different factors to be dealt with. Therefore the use of some multicriteria decision aid may be helpful to preserve the information obtained through the EIA in the decision-making process. The alternative locations for the f…
Greenhouse gas emissions from integrated solid waste management: a new mathematical model
2016
Municipal solid waste management significantly contributes to the emission in the atmosphere of greenhouse gases (e.g. CO2, CH4, N2O) and therefore the management process from collection to treatment and disposal has to be optimized in order to reduce these emissions. Many literature models developed for the evaluation of greenhouses gases emissions from the waste management system are based on the analysis of the life cycle. These models are not optimized for evaluation of emissions. The aim of this study is to overcome these limitations by proposing a mathematical model to estimate greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the integrated waste management. The model is aimed to be a verifica…
Ontological information system for the selection of technologies for the treatment and disposal of organic waste: engineering and educational aspects
2021
The article proves a problem of information processing in the field of the structuring of information and decision-making in environmental engineering, including education in this field. This article presents the ontology-information model that was used to systematize waste treatment equipment. The article presents the use of an ontological algorithm “Polyhedron” for engineers and teachers. The algorithm consists of integrating ontological solutions from abstract to specific. The proposed model consists of a general ontology of “waste treatment technologies selection”, “waste treatment equipment selection” and “Ontology for the analysis of scientific publications”. Users of the system can i…
A multicommutated flow system for determination of bismuth in milk shakes by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry incorporating on-lin…
2004
Abstract A highly sensitive method was developed for determination of bismuth in milk shakes by multicommutation hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) based on off-line sonication for 10 min with aqua regia 8% (v/v) and on-line waste treatment. The instrumentation and chemistry variables were studied in order to provide the best performance. The limit of detection in the original samples, established for a probability level of 99.6% (k = 3), was 1.67 ng/g Bi. The method provides a fast alternative in control analysis with a sampling throughput of 72 h as compared with 31 h obtained by the classical continuous measurement. Additionally, multicommutation reduces waste g…
Methane and leachate pollutant emission potential from various fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW): effects of source separation and aerobic tre…
2002
The effects of source-separation of putrescibles as well as aerobic pre-treatment and landfill aeration on the pollutant emission potential of methane and leachate pollutants were studied in the fresh (PFMSW) and composted (CPFMSW) source-separated putrescible fraction of municipal solid waste, and in the grey waste, and in lysimeter landfilled grey waste and ten-year-old unsorted MSW from our landfill lysimeter study. After 0, 23 and 51 days, an aerobic lysimeter experiment, an elution test and biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was done on samples. PFMSW had high methane (CH4) potential (410 m3CH4 t-1TS) as well as a high amount of ammonium-nitrogen (3.6 kg NH4-N) was eluted, where…
The combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis with chemical and physical operations: a tool for improving the photoprocess performance
2006
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a process of great potential for pollutant abatement and waste treatment. In order to improve the overall performance of the photoprocess, heterogeneous photocatalysis is being combined with physical or chemical operations, which affect the chemical kinetics and/or the overall efficiency. This review addresses the various possibilities to couple heterogeneous photocatalysis with other technologies to photodegrade organic and inorganic pollutants dissolved in actual or synthetic aqueous effluents. These combinations increase the photoprocess efficiency by decreasing the reaction time in respect to the separated operations or they decrease the cost in respect o…
Fate of PCDD/PCDF during mechanical–biological sludge treatment
2004
Abstract In this preliminary study the seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners of PCDD/PCDF were analyzed at the inlet and outlet water and for three sewage sludge samples taken from different treatment stages to check behaviours of PCDD/PCDF at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) in Poland. At the inlet (untreated sewage) water dominated PCDD congeners, whereas in the outlet (treated water) dominated the PCDF congeners. The octaCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDD/CDF and octaCDF congeners dominated in all of the sludge samples. The total toxicity load gradually increased in the series excess, digested and dewatered sludge and amounted to 12.2, 14.4 and 16.9 ng I-TEQ kg −1 .
Removal of ammonium from municipal wastewater with powdered and granulated metakaolin geopolymer
2017
Abstract Ammonium (NH₄⁺) removal from municipal wastewater poses challenges with the commonly used biological processes. Especially at low wastewater temperatures, the process is frequently ineffective and difficult to control. One alternative is to use ion-exchange. In the present study, a novel NH4+ ion-exchanger, metakaolin geopolymer (MK-GP), was prepared, characterised, and tested. Batch experiments with powdered MK-GP indicated that the maximum exchange capacities were 31.79, 28.77, and 17.75 mg/g in synthetic, screened, and pre-sedimented municipal wastewater, respectively, according to the Sips isotherm (R² ≥ 0.91). Kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation in all case…
Identification of effective parameters for anti-inflammatory concentration in València City's wastewater using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative anal…
2019
The current literature about pharmaceutical and personal care compounds (PPCPs) focuses on identifying their concentration and toxicological risk both in surface water and in wastewater. However, the influence of urban areas (population ageing, income level, hospitals and others) has not yet been analysed. Knowing how a population (and its facilities) affects PPCPs' presence in wastewater is important to identify the conditions that are responsible for their presence. In this work, the influence of water consumption, population ageing, income level, hospitals and nursing homes on the anti-inflammatory concentration have been analysed. To fill the gap between the quantitative data on PPCPs' …