Search results for "WASTE"
showing 10 items of 2580 documents
Current European approaches in highway runoff management: A review
2022
Highway runoff is one of the most significant non-point sources of pollution for the terrestrial and aquatic environment with biological, physical, and chemical effects. Considering local characteristics, treatment practices, and determining factors are essential for highway runoff management. The aim of this paper is to survey the review of highway runoff management in Europe with emphasis on runoff characterization, treatment, and modeling approaches and identifying possible knowledge gaps exists based on our review. The results showed that highway runoff has spatiotemporal variation, which is the main factor in the regional selection of the best management practice (BMP). Also, recent st…
Feasibility Studies for Water Reuse Projects: Economic Valuation of Environmental Benefits
2010
Water reuse is emerging as a promising alternative because it enables water resources to be increased and lowers pollution levels by reducing wastewater. In recent decades, significant technological progress has been made in the field of wastewater regeneration; and project feasibility is now mostly subject to just economic assessment. However, the economic aspect is the least addressed aspect of research into water reuse. This is because private costs are generally considered while the external effects are relegated to a series of statements about the advantages of water reuse. Methodologies used to analyze the economic feasibility of these projects usually focus on internal costs. As a re…
Methane potential of sterilized solid slaughterhouse wastes.
2012
Abstract The aim of the current study was to determine chemical composition and methane potential of Category 2 and 3 solid slaughterhouse wastes rendering products (SSHWRP) viz. melt, decanter sludge, meat and bone meal (MBM), technical fat and flotation sludge from wastewater treatment. Chemical analyses showed that SSHWRP were high in protein and lipids with total solids (TS) content of 96–99%. Methane yields of the SSHWRP were between 390 and 978 m3 CH4/t volatile solids (VS)added. Based on batch experiments, anaerobic digestion of SSHWRP from the dry rendering process could recover 4.6 times more primary energy than the energy required for the rendering process. Estonia has technologic…
Hunting for valuables from landfills and assessing their market opportunities A case study with Kudjape landfill in Estonia
2017
Landfill mining is an alternative technology that merges the ideas of material recycling and sustainable waste management. This paper reports a case study to estimate the value of landfilled materials and their respective market opportunities, based on a full-scale landfill mining project in Estonia. During the project, a dump site (Kudjape, Estonia) was excavated with the main objectives of extracting soil-like final cover material with the function of methane degradation. In total, about 57,777 m3 of waste was processed, particularly the uppermost 10-year layer of waste. Manual sorting was performed in four test pits to determine the detailed composition of wastes. 11,610 kg of waste was…
Long-term performance of peat biofilters treating ethyl acetate, toluene, and its mixture in air.
2006
Three laboratory-scale peat biofilters were operated at 90 s empty bed residence time (EBRT) for over a year. Biodegradation of ethyl acetate, toluene, or a 1:1 mixture were investigated. In first stage, inlet concentration was progressively increased from 0.4 to 4.5 g/m3. The maximum elimination capacity (EC) found for ethyl acetate was 190 gC/m3·h, and it was not affected by toluene. The maximum EC found for toluene as a sole contaminant was 150 gC/m3·h, but the presence of ethyl acetate decreased the toluene maximum EC to 80 gC/m3·h. From respirometry monitoring, values of 3.19 g CO2/gC and 3.06 g CO2/gC for pure ethyl acetate and pure toluene, respectively, were found, with overall yiel…
Environmental and digital innovation in food: The role of digital food hubs in the creation of sustainable local agri-food systems.
2022
This document is based on the study of what a local digital food hub is. Topics such as the sustainability of agri-food systems, de-agrarianization and the causes related to them are covered, but also such principles as “shared value”, useful for improving the competitiveness of a company as well as the economical and social conditions within the communities in which it operates. In addition to these discussions, an excursus is created on the actual developments of the models ranging from “field to table”, with the new possibilities obtained from modern types of distribution networks, particularly focusing on Food Hubs and the first reasons for the validity of the system. Having explained t…
Thermodynamic-based cost allocation in low-temperature thermal grids in presence of distributed energy producers
2022
Thermal grids are well-established technologies that can cover the thermal demands of buildings in a more sustainable way. The lower operating temperature will allow not only for the integration of heat produced by thermal renewable energy sources but also for the storage of surplus electricity from the grid using power to heat technologies. To ensure a wider diffusion of this technology, it is important to propose a method for the cost allocation among producers connected to the grid. In this regard, this paper proposes Exergoeconomics as a possible solution. To show the capabilities of the method, some operating scenarios are compared for a cluster of five buildings in the tertiary sector…
Exergy recovery in regasification facilities – Cold utilization: A modular unit
2009
Abstract The paper deals with the problem of cold recovery for direct utilization both in the site of regasification facility and far from it. A modular LNG regasification unit is proposed having the regasification capacity of 2 billion standard cubic meters/year of gas. The modular plant is based on use of a power cycle working with ethane or ethylene which allows operation of cold energy transfer, contained in LNG to be regasified, in a range of temperatures suitable for multipurpose use of cold, reducing regasification process irreversibility. Some electric energy is produced by the power cycle, but the own mission of modular unit proposed is addressed to deliver cold suitable for indust…
Potential applications using LNG cold energy in Sicily
2008
According to previsions, natural gas could be the main energy source worldwide, inducing relevant geopolitical changes. Most likely, such problems will be solved with the development of a gas transportation mode alternative to traditional pipelines: liquefied natural gas (LNG). The global LNG trade has increased rapidly during recent years. A significant amount of energy is consumed to produce low-temperature LNG, which has plenty of cryogenic exergy/ energy. Therefore, the effective utilization of the cryogenic energy associated with LNG vaporization is very important. Sicily, with more than five million inhabitants, is the second biggest region of Italy and in this region will be realized…
New exergy criterion in the “multi-criteria” context: a life cycle assessment of two plaster products
2003
This paper deals with the exergy analysis (EXA) of plaster materials and ranks the environmental burdens due to the production of such materials. The calculation of the exergy loss during the whole examined process represents a relevant index, looking at the technology improvement of a process, as a suitable tool in aid of the trade-off of alternative materials in the decision making. A life cycle inventory is performed for building plaster products and the matrix method is used. The authors extend the application of EXA to life cycle assessment, conducting an exergetic life cycle assessment, and propose an exergetic index in the framework of multi-criteria decision making. An exergy balanc…