Search results for "WASTE"
showing 10 items of 2580 documents
Mathematical modeling of the biofiltration of ethyl acetate and toluene and their mixture
2009
Abstract A dynamic model for ethyl acetate and toluene removal by biofiltration is presented. Haldane-type kinetic expressions that include the oxygen limitation, the inhibition effect due to high concentration of substrate, and the cross-inhibition between substrates have been considered. A decrease in the biomass density with the bed height was proposed to represent the performance of peat biofilters over a broad range of operating conditions. Experimental yield coefficients have been derived from the experimental CO 2 production data. The unknown kinetic parameters of the model along with the coefficient for axial biomass density distribution were calibrated using experimental data from …
The Use Of Pb-210 Isotope As An Indicator Of Pollutants’ Migration In The Environment
2015
Abstract Radioactive isotopes, both natural and artificial, present in the environment, may be convenient indicators that can be used to study many physical and chemical processes as well as the transport of pollutants in the ecosystem. The studies have shown that in identification of particulate matter emission sources a radioactive lead isotope (Pb-210) can be used. The Pb-210 increased activity concentration in the top soil layers suggests its current atmospheric deposition. This conclusion is confirmed by the results of the Principal Components Analysis, conducted using the measured radionuclide content in 0-30 cm deep soil layer samples.
Methane and leachate pollutant emission potential from various fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW): effects of source separation and aerobic tre…
2002
The effects of source-separation of putrescibles as well as aerobic pre-treatment and landfill aeration on the pollutant emission potential of methane and leachate pollutants were studied in the fresh (PFMSW) and composted (CPFMSW) source-separated putrescible fraction of municipal solid waste, and in the grey waste, and in lysimeter landfilled grey waste and ten-year-old unsorted MSW from our landfill lysimeter study. After 0, 23 and 51 days, an aerobic lysimeter experiment, an elution test and biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was done on samples. PFMSW had high methane (CH4) potential (410 m3CH4 t-1TS) as well as a high amount of ammonium-nitrogen (3.6 kg NH4-N) was eluted, where…
Greenhouse gases from membrane bioreactors: New perspectives on monitoring and mathematical modeling
2020
Abstract The awareness that the wastewater sector represents a significant source of greenhouse gas emission has increased, and is the awareness is evident based on the numerous research papers published in technical literature in the last 10 years. This chapter is aimed at providing a timely overview on greenhouse gas production and emission from membrane bioreactors. Specifically, this chapter dedicates particular attention to nitrous oxide (N2O), considering both experimental and mathematical modeling approaches. Referring to the experimental data, the observed results highlighted the significant contribution of the aerated compartments toward nitrous oxide emission as well as the import…
Platinum and rhodium associated with the leaves of Nerium oleander L.; analytical method using voltammetry; assessment of air quality in the Palermo …
2009
Abstract A rapid accumulation of the catalytic active noble metals in the environmental and biological matrices was observed and concern arose about potential environmental and health risks. The development of reliable analytic methods to measure very low Pt and Rh concentrations is required. The main purpose of this work was to develop a reliable method for the determination of Pt and Rh in environmental matrices because of inherent difficulties in using conventional techniques used, in particular, the ICP-OES technique. A direct determination of Pt using ICP-MS, for instance, is problematic, due to interfering signals. In this work, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV/a) and adsorptive st…
Problems of soil and groundwater pollution in the disposal of “marble” slurries in NW Sicily
2007
This work deals with disposal of slurries generated during the cutting and polishing processes of slabs of decorative sedimentary carbonate rocks in the north western Sicily. At present, they are used as fillers of dismantled quarries near the sawmills and, as a final step of reclamation, are covered with earth layers. In spite of such inexpensive solution, there is lack of knowledge about the composition of the waste. In order to assess if there is any threat for the environment and to suggest indications for alternative solutions, such as recycling or inactivation processes, the slurries were analysed by XR diffraction, simultaneous thermal analysis, ICP/MS, ionic chromatography, FTIR, UV…
Quality Standards for Recycled Water: Opuntia ficus-indica as Sorbent Material
2017
In recent years, increased industrial and agricultural activities and the correlated population growth led to overexploitation of natural resources and the increased generation of various types of pollutants. For these reasons, the hazardous pollution of wastewater is one of the most important environmental problems worldwide. A wide range of wastewater treatment technologies are available; however, some disadvantages are often reported. Hence, there is a constant need to search for an efficient, low-cost and alternative wastewater treatment. Recently, several biosolids have been considered for pollutant removal from wastewaters, including Opuntia ficus-indica. This chapter focuses on waste…
Wastewater Treatments for the Food Industry: Biological Systems
2017
This chapter provides a general overview of biological wastewater remediation systems in the food industry. Water reuse systems are becoming more and more interesting and promising technologies, depending on merely quantitative estimations, physical and chemical features of pollutants and the variability of these characteristics, week after week. Different systems are available for the food industry. Several of these remediation systems may be subdivided into four categories depending on the peculiar removal operation, including biological systems. Biological techniques aim to reduce organic loads and the remaining suspended materials in wastewaters from primary processes (after a prelimina…
Measuring the wastewater treatment plants productivity change: Comparison of the Luenberger and Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen Productivity Indicators
2019
Abstract It is essential to assess the productivity of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to improve their economic and technical performance over time. In doing so, reliable indexes should be used to avoid biased conclusions leading to unsuccessful policy and managerial measures. Ratio-based indexes are typically employed, but are infeasible when any of the variables are equal or close to zero. To overcome this limitation, this paper presents the innovative approach of applying and comparing two difference-based productivity indicators, Luenberger (LPI) and Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen (LHMPI), to evaluate how productivity changes in a sample of WWTPs. Because the LHMPI is an additively com…
Removal of toxic pollutants from pulp mill effluents by electrocoagulation
2011
This study investigated the effect of electrocoagulation treatment on toxic pollutant removal from pulp mill effluents. Synthetic wastewaters containing wood rosin and copper or pure resin acids were used to investigate the removal of resin acids and copper by electrocoagulation. Removal of pollutants by electrocoagulation was also tested with real debarking effluent. In this study, statistical experimental design and partial least squares modeling were used to investigate the effect of initial pH, current (current density) and treatment time. Electrocoagulation and subsequent filtration removed resin acids and copper from the synthetic wastewaters with high efficiency. Toxicity to algae (P…