Search results for "WASTE"

Trace element behavior in the fluidized bed gasification of solid recovered fuels

2013

Gasification of biomass and recycled fuels is of particular interest for the efficient production of power and heat. Trace elements present as impurities in the product gas should be removed very efficiently. The objective of this work has been to develop and test thermodynamic models for the reactions of trace elements with chlorine and sulfur in the gasification processes of recycled fuels. In particular, the chemical reactions of trace elements with main thermochemical conversion products, main ash components, and bed and sorbent material are implemented into the model. The possibilities of gas cleaning devices in condensing and removing the trace element compounds are studied by establi…

Risk exposure to vibration and noise in the use of agricultural track-laying tractors.

2016

Human exposure to mechanical vibration may represent a significant risk factor for exposed workers in the agricultural sector. Also, noise in agriculture is one of the risk factors to be taken into account in the evaluation of workers’ health and safety. One of the major sources of discomfort for the workers operating a tractors is the noise to which they are exposed during work. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of exposure to whole-body vibration for the operator driving track-laying tractors in vineyard orchard and the noise level. The experimental tests were performed with six different track-laying tractors coupled with the same rototilling machine. The results showed that…

Neptunium(V) Sorption and Diffusion in Opalinus Clay

2009

The sorption and diffusion behavior of 8 x 10(-6) M Np(V) in Opalinus Clay (OPA) with synthetic pore water (pH 7.6) as mobile phase was studied under ambient conditions by batch and diffusion experiments, respectively. The Kd value determined by batch experiments with OPA suspensions is equal to 0.025 +/- 0.005 m3/kg. The diffusion-accessible porosity epsilon of intact OPA as determined by through- and out-diffusion experiments with tritiated water (HTO) is equal to 0.15 +/- 0.01. The diffusion coefficient De and the rock capacity factor alpha of 22Na+ in OPA were measured by through-, out-, and in-diffusion experiments and asserted the reliability of these diffusion techniques. For the dif…

Toxicity of 4-chloro-o-cresol to fish. Light microscopy and chemical analysis of the tissue

1979

Experimental Survey on Dry Asphalt Rubber Concrete for Sub-ballast Layers

2012

This paper presents the results of an experimental survey on the potential application of DARC (dry asphalt rubber concrete) in rail superstructure, within sub-ballast layers by measuring its damping and mechanical properties. Based on the environmental friendly point of view the DARC has the significant advantage as the backfill material of sub-ballast layer because the rubber comes from the waste tires of truck and its usage can results a significant recycling of non-biodegradable wastes. After a preliminary mix-design of several DARCs, with different rubber content that confirmed by using the Marshall test, the stiffness modulus and damping ratio both of a standard bituminous mixture and…

Smart vs conventional motorways: environmental impact assessment under realistic traffic conditions

2020

Abstract This research aims at assessing the environmental impacts exerted by a smart motorway compared to those of a traditional motorway. The study has global policy implications: it takes into account the impacts due to the construction and maintenance of the infrastructure and the environmental effects produced by the traffic emissions, taking into account smart technologies and truck platooning regulation. Through a classical LCA approach, 1 km-long smart motorway with 2 m-high embankment was assumed as the functional unit for the analysis. A realistic traffic condition has been considered. A comparison between environmental effects produced by the use of virgin material and by Reclaim…

Application of textile fibres from tire recycling in asphalt mixtures

2022

The tire rubber obtained from end-of-life car and truck tires has been successfully recycled, among other applications, in the asphalt industry by providing a mean to get asphalt mixtures with superior performance. Textile fibres are another component derived from tire recycling typically disposed of in landfills or used in energetic valorisation. This paper wants to re-ignite interest in this secondary product by evaluating its use as a valuable resource in asphalt mixtures. Indirect tensile tests, dynamic modulus, fatigue resistance, and permanent deformation tests were performed on a series of AC14 asphalt mixtures manufactured with two binders, namely 50/70 and 35/50 pen, using several …

Important Aspects of Biowastes Collection and Composting in Nigeria

2002

Many of the areas that generate organic waste that could be biotreated are inaccessible for collection because of the lack of accessible roads, poverty of the residents and general neglect of such places by the government authorities. In Lagos in 1999 it was observed that trucks collecting wastes cannot get into 40% of the inner part of the municipalities because the roads are too narrow or blocked by illegal structures. So one-third of the population received no refuse collection service. There is very little knowledge about the treatment of biowaste and the activities are very low. The laws and regulations governing the management of waste, in general, are weak and inefficient. An importa…

Effects of plant species in a horizontal subsurface flow constructedwetland – phytoremediation of treated urban wastewater withCyperus alternifolius …

2013

Abstract Plant species carry out a series of important biological, chemical and physical processes within a constructed wetland wastewater treatment system and make a significant contribution to wastewater purification. This paper compares two emergent macrophytes – Cyperus alternifolius L. and Typha latifolia L. – planted separately in a pilot horizontal subsurface flow system for the phytoremediation of treated urban wastewater in the West of Sicily (Italy). The total surface area of the three units within the pilot system was 99 m 2 . Six subunits were planted with two species and three subunits were left unplanted as the control. The main aim of the study was to demonstrate that, under …

Occurrence of priority pollutants in WWTP effluents and Mediterranean coastal waters of Spain

2011

A comprehensive study aimed at evaluating the occurrence, significance of concentrations and spatial distribution of priority pollutants (PPs) along the Comunidad Valenciana coastal waters (Spain) was carried out in order to fulfil the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Additionally, PP concentrations were also analysed in the effluent of 28 WWTPs distributed along the studied area. In coastal waters 36 organic pollutants of the 71 analysed, including 26 PPs were detected although many of them with low frequency of occurrence. Only 13 compounds, which belong to four different classes (VOCs, organochlorinated pesticides, phthalates and tributyltin compounds (TBT)) showed a frequency o…