Search results for "WASTE"
showing 10 items of 2580 documents
Electrochemical treatment of paper mill wastewater by electro-Fenton process
2019
Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of organics in paper mill wastewater belonging to Halfa industries (Tunisia) was performed by galvanostatic electrolyses using electro-Fenton (EF) process. The effect of several operating parameters, such as applied current density, electrodes material, air pressure and the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) was evaluated. In particular, carbon felt (CF), modified carbon felt (MCF) and gas diffusion electrode (GDE) were used as cathode while Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 and Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) as anode. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) measure was chosen as reference parameter to assess the extent of the treatment. The experimental results show that, by adopting the …
Assisted reverse electrodialysis for CO2 electrochemical conversion and treatment of wastewater: A new approach towards more eco-friendly processes u…
2020
Abstract In this paper, the utilization of assisted reverse electrodialysis (A-RED), recently used for pre-desalination, is proposed as a general method to reduce the energy requirements of electrolysis processes and evaluated for two model processes: (i) the cathodic conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid; (ii) the anodic treatment of water contaminated by organics. In A-RED, two solutions with different salt content and an external potential difference, applied in the direction of the natural salinity gradient, are both used to drive redox processes. It was shown, for the first time, that the cathodic conversion of CO2 to formic acid can be performed by both reverse electrodialysis (…
Molecular monitoring of inactivation efficiencies of bacteria during pulsed electric field treatment of clinical wastewater
2008
Aims: The applicability of an alternative wastewater disinfection concept based on the pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment is tested with molecular biology techniques using clinical wastewaters. Methods and Results: Hospital wastewater was treated with the PEF technology. The inactivation efficiencies of bacteria were successfully monitored with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As the differentiation between living and dead bacterial cells is important for the determination of the disinfection efficiency, propidium monoazide (PMA) was applied. PMA selectively penetrates cells with compromised membranes and intercalates into the DNA inhibiting a subsequent PCR amplification. Th…
Sublethal zinc exposure has a detrimental effect on reproductive performance but not on the cyst hatching success of Artemia parthenogenetica
2008
The sublethal zinc toxicity to Artemia parthenogenetica as regards the possibility of colonization of zinc polluted salterns by means of cysts has been assessed by a cyst hatching assay and a life table approach. Emergence and hatching at different times as well as the whole hatching profile were taken as end-points for evaluating success of development. Demographic and reproductive parameters calculated according to the Lotka equation were used as an indicator of the chronic toxicity of the population. No adverse effects of waterborne zinc were found on hatching and emergence of cysts of A. parthenogenetica at any of the concentrations tested (0.01 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l, 1 mg/l, 5 mg/l)…
Green Extraction Strategies for Sea Urchin Waste Valorization
2021
Commonly known as “purple sea urchin,” Paracentrotus lividus occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. This species is a highly appreciated food resource and Italy is the main consumer among the European countries. Gonads are the edible part of the animal but they represent only a small fraction (10–30%) of the entire sea urchin mass, therefore, the majority ends up as waste. Recently, an innovative methodology was successfully developed to obtain high-value collagen from sea urchin by-products to be used for tissue engineering. However, tissues used for the collagen extraction are still a small portion of the sea urchin waste (<20%) and the remaining part, main…
Future district heating plant integrated with municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification for hydrogen production
2019
Abstract Characterizing municipal solid waste (MSW) is a critical step in planning, designing, operating, or upgrading solid waste management systems. For a theoretical investigation of hydrogen production by gasification and water-gas shift reaction, we characterized Norwegian MSW and used the data. Three different gasification setups, named as ‘A-1’, ‘A&S-2’, and ‘S-3’ were modeled using Aspen plus simulation software for direct and indirect gasification processes according to the different gasification agents. The MSW characterization result showed a reasonable agreement with existing studies in different countries. The maximum hydrogen yield achieved in setup ‘S-3’ was around 94% of the…
Designing an AnMBR-based WWTP for energy recovery from urban wastewater: The role of primary settling and anaerobic digestion
2015
The main objective of this paper is to assess different treatment schemes for designing a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) based WWTP. The economic impact of including a primary settling (PS) stage and further anaerobic digestion (AD) of the wasted sludge has been evaluated. The following operating scenarios were considered: sulphate-rich and low-sulphate urban wastewater (UWW) treatment at 15 and 30 ºC. To this aim, the optimum combination of design/operating parameters that resulted in minimum total cost (CAPEX plus OPEX) for the different schemes and scenarios was determined. The AnMBR design was based on both simulation and experimental results from an AnMBR plant featuri…
Energy recovery from Municipal Solid Waste in EU: proposals to assess the management performance under a circular economy perspective
2017
In 2015 the European Commission issued a package of documents on Circular Economy concerning an integrated revision of legislative proposals on waste management. The aim was to stimulate a European transition towards a circular economy concept, which is expected to foster competitiveness, sustainable economic growth and new jobs generation. Three indicators are proposed in this paper to contribute to the assessment of the energy recovery management performance from MSW in a scenario of circular economy: a) referring to MSW directly used (RMSW) or indirectly used (SRF) as input of thermochemical plants, an indicator can be the percentage of waste having LHV > 13MJ/kg; b) referring to the MSW…
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for resource recovery from municipal wastewater: a comprehensive review of recent advances
2021
[EN] In a paradigm shift towards a sustainable society based on the Circular Economy, wastewater treatments are rapidly evolving towards simultaneous recovery and reuse of clean water, renewable energy, and nutrients. This review examines recent advances (from 2016 to 2020) in the potential of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) to serve as the core technology for municipal wastewater (MWW) resource recovery, focusing on the latest technological advances and economic and environmental innovation perspectives. The potentials and limitations of AnMBR for further full-scale application and new platforms to address these challenges are discussed, covering systems based on co-digestion, pre-…
Refuse Derived Fuel Gasification Possibilities in Small Scale Units
2018
Fossil fuels use reduction and waste recycling are two great challenges facing our society nowadays. A concept intended to solve both problems is Waste-to-Energy (WtE) approach (Brunner and Rechberger in Waste Manag 37: 3–12, 2015). The routes to the energy recovery can be grouped as thermo-chemical and biochemical approaches and the selection of the WtE technologies also depends on the waste composition. Waste sources can be industrial and agricultural production and urban regions but growing attention is paid to municipal solid waste in OECD countries (Hoornweg and Bhada-Tata in What a waste: a global review of solid waste management. World Bank, Washington, DC 2012) consisting dominantly…