Search results for "WEED"
showing 10 items of 321 documents
Résistance aux inhibiteurs de l'ALS: gare aux dicots ! Après le coquelicot et les matricaires, la stellaire fait de la résistance
2012
SPE GEAPSI
CoSAC, un projet pour la conception de stratégies durables de gestion des adventices dans un contexte de changement (climat, pratiques agricoles, bio…
2016
The CoSAC project associates partners from research and development in order to (1) quantify and understand, with experiments, the effects of novel agricultural practices on weeds and the functioning of the agroecosystem, (2) design tools that predict the effect of agricultural techniques et pedoclimate on weed flora, (3) use these tools to design sustainable weed management strategies and to evaluate their performances in contexts of changing agricultural practices, climate, biodiversity, (4) facilitate the adoption of these novel strategies by farmers. We will present the first results of the project, e.g. the effect on weeds of cover crops during fallow or associated to a cash crop, the …
Validation of a set of reference genes to study response to herbicide stress in grasses
2012
Abstract Background Non-target-site based resistance to herbicides is a major threat to the chemical control of agronomically noxious weeds. This adaptive trait is endowed by differences in the expression of a number of genes in plants that are resistant or sensitive to herbicides. Quantification of the expression of such genes requires normalising qPCR data using reference genes with stable expression in the system studied as internal standards. The aim of this study was to validate reference genes in Alopecurus myosuroides, a grass (Poaceae) weed of economic and agronomic importance with no genomic resources. Results The stability of 11 candidate reference genes was assessed in plants res…
Spontaneous urban weeds: a resource against environmental pollution
2022
Quality of the environment and social well-being, both at a collective and individual level, are closely interrelated issues. It is, in fact, a relationship that invests values of primary importance, such as those relating to human health and safety, heritage and resources to be passed on to future generations. Plant growth and survival can be challenged by harsh urban conditions. Many studies show the persistence of endemic species in built-up areas and document the ecosystem services provided. With this research we wanted to investigate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals such as cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), molibden (Mo), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mer…
Uso di alcuni estratti vegetali come bio-erbicidi
2014
Le infestanti competono con le piante coltivate per la luce, gli elementi nutritivi, l'acqua e lo spazio, e influenzano fortemente le produzioni agrarie sia sotto l'aspetto quantitativo che qualitativo. Normalmente le infestanti riescono ad assorbire e utilizzare l'acqua e gli elementi nutritivi più rapidamente ed efficacemente delle colture principali, accrescendosi più velocemente di queste, fino, talvolta, ad inibirne del tutto lo sviluppo. Nel corso del tempo, alcune infestanti hanno sviluppato meccanismi di resistenza agli erbicidi comunemente utilizzati. Questa acquisizione, unitamente alla necessità di reperire soluzioni al problema della gestione delle infestanti anche in condizioni…
Aerial multispectral imagery for site specific weed management
2017
AGROSUPSPEEAGESTADCT1DOCT; In an agroecological context (French Law on the Future of Agriculture), the reduction of herbicide uses become a crucial issue. It requires developing new technologies allowing a better knowledge of the field. The company AIRINOV, specialized in use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) dedicated to precision agriculture wants to explore a new approach by UAV to localize weed infestation areas. This work aims to develop a method analyzing images acquired by UAV to detect and map weeds in a field. The study is carried out on crops widely grown in France and requiring weed control at a young state of the plant : maize, sunflower and sugar beet. With its on-board sensors …
Are No-Till Herbicide-Free Systems Possible? A Simulation Study
2022
Conservation agriculture (CA) allows farmers to reduce costs and enhance soil health, buttends to increase either weed infestation and associated crop yield loss, and/or herbicide use.We aimed to investigate how much tillage contributes to reducing weed infestation and yieldloss, and which systems and weed species are the most affected if tillage is deleted. Wecollected farming practices on 395 arable cropping systems from Spain and France, andsimulated them over 30 years and with 10 weather repetitions, using FLORSYS. This processbased model (Colbach et al., 2021, Field Crops Res 261:108006) simulates daily multi-speciesweed floras and crop canopies from cropping systems and pedoclimate ov…
Commercial essential oils: sustainable alternatives in the agri-food industry
2019
Essential oils have enjoyed great popularity from ancient times to today due to agreeable scent and widely known beneficial properties. As a result, nowadays they have become valuable natural ingredients in perfume and cosmetics, food and beverages, agricultural, pharmaceutical and other industries for employment in human health, agriculture and environment, representing potentially safer and more sustainable alternatives to synthetic substances. This Doctoral Thesis has been developed with the aim of corroborating that essential oils are safer and more sustainable alternatives to synthetic products used in the agri-food industry, and consequently promoting their use as “bio” products to ma…
Invasive and native populations of common ragweed exhibit strong tolerance to foliar damage.
2013
8 pages; International audience; Tolerance and resistance are defence strategies evolved by plants to cope with damage due to herbivores. The introduction of exotic species to a new biogeographical range may alter the plant herbivore interactions and induce selection pressures for new plant defence strategies with a modified resource allocation. To detect evolution in tolerance to herbivory in common ragweed, we compared 3 native (North America) and 3 introduced (France) populations, grown in a common garden environment. We explored the effect of leaf herbivory on plant vegetative and reproductive traits. Plants were defoliated by hand, simulating different degrees of insect grazing by remo…
Simultaneous determination of nine phytohormones in seaweed and algae extracts by HPLC-PDA.
2016
An RP-HPLC-PDA method for the simultaneous analysis of 9 compounds deriving from the phytohormones class was developed and optimized, namely indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA), phenyleacetic acid (PAA), naphtyleacetic acid (NAA), trans-zeatin (TZ), kinetin (KA), isopentenyladenine (IA), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Validation of the method was performed on the SFE-CO2 extract made out of the mixture of Baltic algae. The regression coefficients for plant hormones were in the range from 0.997 to 0.999. The LOD and LOQ were on the levels from 0.05–0.29 and 0.15–0.88 mg/L, respectively. Developed method was used for the separation and determination plant ho…