Search results for "WHO"
showing 10 items of 829 documents
Associations of fat mass and fat-free mass with physical fitness in 4-year-old children: Results from the MINISTOP trial
2016
Physical fitness is a powerful marker of health in youth. Studies in adolescents and adults suggest that higher fat mass is related to worse physical fitness. However, there is limited knowledge whether fat mass and fat-free mass are associated with physical fitness already in preschoolers. Baseline data from the MINISTOP (Mobile-based INtervention Intended to STop Obesity in Preschoolers) trial was utilized for this cross-sectional analysis. Body composition was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. Fat mass index [fat mass (kg)/height(2) (m)] and fat-free mass index [fat-free mass (kg)/height(2) (m)] were used to provide height-adjusted measures of body composition. Physical fi…
Trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy between 1991 and 2010
2012
The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6,031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18,873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2…
Safety of reduced-antigen-content tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine in adolescents as a sixth consecutive dose of acellular pertussis-co…
2005
Objective The safety of a booster dose of a reduced-antigen-content tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine was evaluated in adolescents previously vaccinated with five doses of acellular pertussis–containing vaccine. Study design Adolescents (n = 319) previously vaccinated with either 5 doses of diphtheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis (DTaP) (n = 193) or 4 doses of DTaP plus another acellular pertussis–containing vaccine received one dose each of Tdap and hepatitis A vaccine in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial. Rates of adverse events (AEs) after vaccination with Tdap versus hepatitis A and rates of local AEs among adolescents vaccinated with Tdap (sixth acellular…
Weight Gain Composition in Preterm Infants with Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
2001
Whole body composition was investigated using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in 54 healthy preterm infants, birth weight < 1750 g, who were fed fortified human milk (n = 20) and preterm formula (n = 34) when full enteral feeding was attained and then again 3 wk later at around the time of discharge. Weight gain composition was calculated from the difference between the earlier and later measurement. The minimal detectable changes in whole body composition over time according to the variance of the population (within groups of 20 infants) and the minimal detectable changes according to the dietary intervention (between two groups of 20 infants) were determined at 5% significance and 80% po…
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERTUSSIS SYMPTOMATOLOGY, INCIDENCE AND SEROLOGY IN ADOLESCENTS
2008
Adolescents have an unknown true incidence of pertussis and are important reservoirs of transmission. We evaluated the incidence of coughing illnesses, serologic evidence of recent infection and the relationship between symptomatology and serology in adolescents. A retrospective respiratory questionnaire and anti-pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G measurement was undertaken in a convenience sample of adolescents and was repeated one year later. The US Centers for Disease Control clinical case definition of pertussis was used. At least a third of coughing illnesses met the CDC clinical case definition. Symptoms correlated with serology. Pertussis was endemic with a high annual incidence of new…
Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in an Italian Centre: a 5-years real-life retrospective study
2021
Abstract Introduction Congenital hypothyroidism is an endocrine disease with a significant incidence in the general population (1:2000–1:3000 newborns in Italy) and a different geographical distribution, partially explained by endemic iodine deficiency, genetic traits and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Objectives Aims of this study are: to evaluate the incidence of positive neonatal blood spot screening for CH in western Sicily, identified by the screening centre of the Children Hospital “G. Di Cristina”, ARNAS, Palermo; to evaluate the impact of a lower TSH cutoff in the neonatal blood spot screening for CH. Materials and methods The TSH threshold of the neonatal screening was established as…
Measurement of phase I volume breath by breath in spontaneously breathing guinea pigs.
1990
A new method to determine phase I volume in tracheotomized spontaneously breathing guinea pigs is presented. Measurements were performed in three animals weighing 567-896 g. In simultaneous tracings of tidal volume (VT) and expiratory profiles of endogenous gases (PO2 or PCO2), the phase I volume of each breath was determined graphically as the volume expired up to the end of phase I of the expirogram. The mean phase I volume of different animals ranged from 0.29 to 0.43 ml with an arithmetic dispersion between 0.014 and 0.021 ml. Spontaneous sighs sometimes with doubling of the VT caused a significant rise of phase I volume up to 50% of the normal values. The linear regression curve was c…
Classic conditioning of the ventilatory responses in rats
1997
Nsegbe, Elise, Guy Vardon, Pierre Perruchet, and Jorge Gallego. Classic conditioning of the ventilatory responses in rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(4): 1174–1183, 1997.—Recent authors have stressed the role of conditioning in the control of breathing, but experimental evidence of this role is still sparse and contradictory. To establish that classic conditioning of the ventilatory responses can occur in rats, we performed a controlled experiment in which a 1-min tone [conditioned stimulus (CS)] was paired with a hypercapnic stimulus [8.5% CO2, unconditioned stimulus (US)]. The experimental group ( n = 9) received five paired CS-US presentations, followed by one CS alone to test conditioning. Th…
Whole-body diffusion-weighted MR and FDG-PET/CT in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Predictive role before treatment and early assessment after two courses of ABVD
2017
Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether imaging features of pathologic lymph nodes on whole-body diffusion-weighted MR have a predictive role before treatment and may assess the response after two courses of chemotherapy in comparison to FDG-PET/CT in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Materials and methods We reviewed the whole-body MR and FDG-PET/CT performed on 41 patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma before and after two Doxorubicin-Bleomycin-Vinblastine-Dacarbazine (ABVD). Responder and non-responder lesions were identified on interim-FDG-PET/CT performed after two ABVD. We used Multivariate Generalized Estimating Equations model to assess statistical association between being-responder and baseline-Maximum Stan…
Pneumomediastinum as a complication of critical pertussis
2014
Background and Aims: Pertussis is a common and potentially serious disease affecting mainly infants and young children. In its non-classic presentation, pertussis can be clinically indistinguishable from other respiratory illnesses. Pertussis today often remains underdiagnosed in adults. Our aims was to report a complicated cases of pertussis. Results: A case of serologically confirmed pertussis occurred in an 18-year-old man presenting with pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema in the neck and chest, and persistent attacks of coughing with apnea that required treatment in the intensive care unit. Conclusion: Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema have never been described in adul…