Search results for "WOOD"
showing 10 items of 818 documents
Formation and Characterization of Early Bacterial Biofilms on Different Wood Typologies Applied in Dairy Production
2018
ABSTRACT The main hypothesis of this work was that Sicilian forestry resources are suitable for the production of equipment to be used in cheese making and indigenous milk lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are able to develop stable biofilms providing starter and nonstarter cultures necessary for curd fermentation and cheese ripening, respectively. Hence, the present work was carried out with deproteinized whey to evaluate LAB biofilm formation on different woods derived from tree species grown in Sicily. Microbiological and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed minimal differences in microbial levels and compositions for the neoformed biofilms. The specific investigation of Salmonella spp.…
Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of enterococci from equipment surfaces, raw materials and traditional cheeses
2016
Forty enterococci isolated along the production chains of three traditional cheeses (PDO Pecorino Siciliano, PDO Vastedda della Valle del Belìce, and Caciocavallo Palermitano) made in Sicily (southern Italy) were studied for the assessment of their antibiotic resistance and virulence by a combined phenotypic/genotypic approach. A total of 31 Enterococcus displayed resistance to at least one or more of the antimicrobials tested. The strains exhibited high percentages of resistance to erythromycin (52.5%), ciprofloxacin (35.0%), quinupristin–dalfopristin (20.0%), tetracycline (17.5%), and high-level streptomycin (5.0%). The presence of tet(M), cat(pC221), and aadE genes for resistance to tetr…
Unusual multiparasitism causes overweight in a wood mouse,Apodemus sylvaticus(Rodentia: Muridae), from a post-fire regeneration area
2016
Multiparasitism is a common ecological phenomenon, being the norm rather than the exception, in the wild. This article describes the case of a wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, originating from a post-fire regeneration area, infected with multiple helminth species and remarkable overweight. The mouse analyzed was captured at a post-fire regeneration site in the Serra Calderona Natural Park (Comunitat Valenciana, Spain). The rodent was captured and marked for the first time in the spring of 2011, weighing 22.5 g. When it was recaptured in the winter of 2012, it weighed 44.0 g. The mouse was parasitized by a total of 31 helminths belonging to seven species, including six Taenia parva metacesto…
Updates to Finnish aphyllophoroid funga (Basidiomycota):new species and range extensions
2018
Abstract The knowledge of Finnish aphyllophoroid funga has increased substantially in recent years. In this article we present six species new to Finland: Cristinia (cf.) rhenana Grosse-Brauckm., Hyphodontiella hauerslevii K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam, Leptosporomyces montanus (Jülich) Ginns & M.N.L Lefebvre, Osteina obducta (Berk.) Donk, Sebacina helvelloides (Schwein.) Burt, and Tulasnella brinkmannii sensu lato Bres. The finding of Osteina obducta is the first record in Northern Europe. The article also contributes new records of 56 nationally rare species (maximum ten previous records in Finland). Additionally, we list 110 regionally new species, found for the first time from a certa…
Loss of habitats, naturalness and species diversity in Eurasian forest landscapes
2010
Abstract Man has exploited land and forests in Western and Central Europe longer and more intensively than in Northern Europe and further east in Eurasia. We estimated forest naturalness and modelled expected biodiversity loss in seven different landscapes (2500 km2 each) in the Netherlands, Sweden, Finland, Poland, St. Petersburg (Western European Russia), Perm (Eastern European Russia), and Irkutsk (Central Siberia) across the distribution of Pinus sylvestris L. in Eurasia. Field inventories showed that the mean living tree volumes were relatively similar in the studied sites, but the volumes of dead wood differed greatly. In Irkutsk and Perm the volume of dead trees per ha was about 5–10…
Density-dependent vole damage in silviculture and associated economic losses at a nationwide scale
2009
Voles inflict damage to silviculture by debarking or severing tree seedlings. The large-scale impacts of vole damage to silviculture, both in terms of severity and financial losses are, however, poorly known. In autumn 2005, cyclically fluctuating vole populations were at their highest in Finland for over 15 years, which led to extensive damage to silviculture during the winter 2005/06. We carried out a nationwide assessment of the incidence, spatial extent and economic value of damage and its relation to vole abundance in privately owned forests during this winter. Damage data were obtained with a questionnaire addressed to the directors of all Forest Management Associations (FMAs) operati…
Use of Wood Ash in the Forest and its Effect on the Concentration of Essential and Heavy Metallic Elements in Soil and Blueberries <i>(Vacciniu…
2020
The aim of this research is to evaluate the influence of wood ash as an additive fertilizer to forest soil and growing blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in terms of metallic element content. To evaluate the effect of wood ash on the forest ecosystem, was selected two forest areas which was fertilized with a certain amount of wood ash (bottom ash and fly ash). The selected forest areas were divided into two types of sampling plots (fertilized with ash and control). Obtained results showed that in the bottom ash dispersion area the concentration of Ca, K, Ni, Cu is almost twice higher in the fertilized plots than control plots. In the blueberries, metallic element content is similar and do…
Host’s genetic background determines the outcome of reciprocal faecal transplantation on life-history traits and microbiome composition
2022
Abstract Background Microbes play a role in their host's fundamental ecological, chemical, and physiological processes. Host life-history traits from defence to growth are therefore determined not only by the abiotic environment and genotype but also by microbiota composition. However, the relative importance and interactive effects of these factors may vary between organisms. Such connections remain particularly elusive in Lepidoptera, which have been argued to lack a permanent microbiome and have microbiota primarily determined by their diet and environment. We tested the microbiome specificity and its influence on life-history traits of two colour genotypes of the wood tiger moth (Arctia…
Soil feedback does not explain mowing effects on vegetation structure in a semi-natural grassland
2009
Due to its ability to create aboveground conditions that favour plant diversity, mowing is often used to preserve the high conservation value of semi-natural species-rich grasslands. However, mowing can also affect belowground conditions. By decreasing plant carbon supply to soil, mowing can suppress the activity of soil decomposers, diminish plant nutrient availability and thus create a feedback on plant growth. In this study, we first documented the effects of three-year mowing on plant community structure in a species-rich grassland. We found that mowing decreased the total areal cover of woody plants and increased the total cover of leguminous forbs. At the species level, mowing further…
Annual pollen traps reveal the complexity of climatic control on pollen productivity in Europe and the Caucasus
2010
Annual PAR (pollen accumulation rates; grains cm−2 year−1) were studied with modified Tauber traps situated in ten regions, in Poland (Roztocze), the Czech Republic (two regions in Krkonoše, two in Šumava), Switzerland (4 regions in the Alps), and Georgia (Lagodekhi). The time-series are 10–16 years long, all ending in 2007. We calculated correlations between pollen data and climate. Pollen data are PAR summarized per region (4–7 traps selected per region) for each pollen type (9–14 per region) using log-transformed, detrended medians. Climate data are monthly temperature and precipitation measured at nearby stations, and their averages over all possible 2- to 6-month windows falling within…