Search results for "Wake"

Assessment of blood pressure early morning rise

2002

Dynamic networks of physiologic interactions of brain waves and rhythms in muscle activity.

2022

The brain plays a central role in facilitating vital body functions and in regulating physiological and organ systems, including the skeleto-muscular and locomotor system. While neural control is essential to synchronize and coordinate activation of various muscle groups and muscle fibers within muscle groups in relation to body movements and distinct physiologic states, the dynamic networks of brain-muscle interactions have not been explored and the complex regulatory mechanism of brain-muscle control remains unknown. Here we present a first study of network interactions between brain waves at different cortical locations and peripheral muscle activity across key physiologic states - wake,…

Nucleus incertus—An emerging modulatory role in arousal, stress and memory

2011

A major challenge in systems neuroscience is to determine the underlying neural circuitry and associated neurotransmitters and receptors involved in psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. A focus of many of these studies has been specific brainstem nuclei that modulate levels of arousal via their ascending monoaminergic projections (e.g. the serotonergic dorsal raphe, noradrenergic locus ceruleus and cholinergic laterodorsal tegmental nucleus). After years of relative neglect, the subject of recent studies in this context has been the GABAergic nucleus incertus,1 which is located in the midline periventricular central gray in the ‘prepontine’ hindbrain, with broad projection…

Hypothalamus-olfactory system crosstalk: orexin a immunostaining in mice

2012

It is well known that olfaction influences food intake, and conversely, that an individual’s nutritional status modulates olfactory sensitivity. However, what is still poorly understood is the neuronal correlate of this relationship, as well as the connections between the olfactory bulb and the hypothalamus. The goal of this report is to analyze the relationship between the olfactory bulb and hypothalamus, focusing on orexin A immunostaining, a hypothalamic neuropeptide that is thought to play a role in states of sleep/wakefulness. Interestingly, orexin A has also been described as a food intake stimulator. Such an effect may be due in part to the stimulation of the olfactory bulbar pathway…

Assessment of sleep disturbance in oral lichen planus and validation of PSQI: A case-control multicenter study from the SIPMO (Italian Society of Ora…

2021

Background: The wellbeing of oral lichen planus patients (OLPs) may be strongly influenced by a poor quality of sleep (QoS) and psychological impairment. The aims were to analyze the prevalence of sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression in OLPs and to validate the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in OLPs. Methods: Three hundred keratotic OLPs (K-OLPs), 300 with predominant non-keratotic OLP (nK-OLPs), and 300 controls were recruited in 15 Italian universities. The PSQI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety (HAM-D and HAM-A), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and Total Pain Rating Index (T-PRI) were administered. Results: Oral lichen planus pati…

Analysis of the factors linked to a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children

2017

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder originating from multiple factors. The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of patients with ADHD out of all patients referred to our clinic for assessment, and to explore the epidemiological and clinical factors linked to this diagnosis. Patients and methods: Retrospective analytical study of a sample of patients under 15 years old sent to the paediatric neurology clinic for suspected ADHD. DSM-IV criteria were used for diagnosis. We completed a binary logistic regression analysis to determine which risk factors were associated with the diagnosis. Results: Of the 280 selected patients, …

Novel modes of rhythmic burst firing at cognitively-relevant frequencies in thalamocortical neurons.

2008

It is now widely accepted that certain types of cognitive functions are intimately related to synchronized neuronal oscillations at both low (alpha/theta) (4-7/8-13 Hz) and high (beta/gamma) (18-35/30-70 Hz) frequencies. The thalamus is a key participant in many of these oscillations, yet the cellular mechanisms by which this participation occurs are poorly understood. Here we describe how, under appropriate conditions, thalamocortical (TC) neurons from different nuclei can exhibit a wide array of largely unrecognised intrinsic oscillatory activities at a range of cognitively-relevant frequencies. For example, both metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) and muscarinic Ach receptor (mAchR) …

Dielectric Collimators for Beam Delivery Systems*

2012

Abstract Wakefield generation by the collimation system is known to be a critical linear collider design issue. Optimization of the collimators represents a tradeoff between beam quality (halo reduction) and luminosity reduction. The primary objective is to reduce both short range (resonant) and long range (resistive) deflecting wakefields from collimators that reduce the luminosity of the machine. We consider the CLIC BDS (beam delivery system) and examine the potential for using dielectric rather than highly conducting materials for collimation. We present some examples of the flexibility gained by having control over the permittivity and conductivity of the collimator. We discuss simulation …

Towards a quantitative comparison between global and local stability analysis

2017

A methodology is proposed here to estimate the stability characteristics of bluff-body wakes using local analysis under the assumption of weakly non-parallel flows. In this connection, a generalisation of the classic spatio-temporal stability analysis for fully three-dimensional flows is first described. Secondly, an additional higher-order correction term with respect to the common saddle-point global frequency estimation is included in the analysis. The proposed method is first validated for the case of the flow past a circular cylinder and then applied to two fully three-dimensional flows: the boundary layer flow over a wall-mounted hemispherical body and the wake flow past a fixed spher…

Turbulent mixing and dispersion mechanisms over flexible and dense vegetation

2019

The present study investigates flow turbulence and dispersion processes in the presence of flexible and dense vegetation on the bed. The turbulent dispersion coefficients and the terms of the turbulent kinetic energy equation are determined by using data collected in a straight laboratory channel with living vegetation on the bed. Results show that the turbulent integral lengths assume an order of magnitude comparable to the stems’ characteristic dimension independently by the direction and the turbulence assumes an isotropic behavior. The coefficients of dispersion have a trend similar to that of the turbulent lengths and assume low values in the longitudinal, transversal and vertical dire…