Search results for "Waste"
showing 10 items of 2580 documents
Optimization of alkali pretreatment to enhance rice straw conversion to butanol
2021
Abstract The use of rice straw (RS) was enhanced to produce biobutanol as biofuel, for which the NaOH pretreatment was optimized by considering the butanol-biomass ratio that quantify the mass balance efficiency of the three sequential stages of the process: pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation by Clostridium beijerinckii. The optimum point (solid loading of 5% w/v with 0.75% w/v NaOH at 134 °C for 20 min) of the best cost-wise option yielded an enhanced biomass use of 77.6 g kg RS−1. A maximum butanol titer of 10.1 g L−1 was reached after 72 h of fermentation with the complete uptake of glucose and nearly complete uptake of xylose. The NaOH concentration was the most influen…
Organics in soda-anthraquinone black liquors from hot-water-extracted non-wood feedstocks
2019
The chemical compositions of black liquors (BLs) obtained from the soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping of untreated and hot-water-extracted non-wood feedstocks (okra stalk, miscanthus stalk, and wheat straw) were determined. These under-utilized renewable and widely available feedstocks could provide a cheaper source for producing fiber and precursors for manufacturing green chemicals. These BLs were mainly characterized in terms of carbohydrate-derived volatile carboxylic acids (acetic and formic acids) and non-volatile carboxylic acids (hydroxy acids) as well as lignin. Additionally, in each case, the average molar mass and molar mass distribution of the dissolved lignin were measured. Result…
Evaluation of biomass activity and wastewater characterization in a UCT-MBR pilot plant by means of respirometric techniques
2011
Abstract Over the last two decades, Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) emerged even more for wastewater treatment, ensuring high removal efficiencies as well as very small footprint requirements. Indeed, in this kind of process, a modification in biomass activity and viability can exist compared to that of a CAS process. In this context, respirometric analysis represents a reliable tool in order to evaluate the actual biomass kinetic parameters, to insert in mathematical models in the design phase, as well as to monitor the biomass viability, especially when these processes are operated with high SRT values. The paper presents some results of respirometric techniques applied for the characterisati…
Detection and prevention of enhanced biological phosphorus removal deterioration caused by Zoogloea overabundance.
2008
A sequencing batch reactor was operated in the conventional anaerobic-aerobic mode for enhanced biological phosphorus removal using acetate as the sole substrate. Despite the nutrients concentrations in the influent being high enough to satisfy the biological requirements, Zoogloea ramigera managed to grow in the system until it had negative effects on the process performance. The excess of exocellular polymeric material produced by this microorganism contributed to a viscous bulking phenomenon and caused important settling problems. The examination of the sludge under the microscope was a valuable tool to diagnose the cause of the imbalance in the process. The strategy adopted to avoid the…
Wykorzystanie na cele energetyczne biomasy odpadowej z produkcji rolniczej
2018
W artykule przedstawiono analizę możliwości wykorzystanie na cele energetyczne biomasy odpadowej z produkcji rolniczej. Dokonano oceny możliwości energetycznego wykorzystania biomasy odpadowej w gospodarstwach rolniczych województwa opolskiego. Dokonano charakterystyki biomasy pozyskiwanej z produkcji rolniczej. Zestawiono także parametry wybranych rodzajów biomasy rolniczej.Przedstawiono technologie wykorzystywane do energetycznego przetwarzania biomasy, jakie można wykorzystać w średnich i dużych gospodarstwach rolnych.
Economic and Environmental Assessment of Biomass Power Plants in Southern Italy
2022
In 2019, Europe adopted the New Green Deal as a strategic plan to become a competitive, resource-efficient, and driven economy by reducing its gas emissions and carbon footprint. Due the COVID-19 pandemic, this strategic plan was recently updated to expedite the green transition of European industries. Therefore, the present paper deals with the problem of deciding an appropriate size for a biomass plant that directly produces electric energy by means of two different conversion processes: combustion and gasification. After an initial estimation of the energy potential in western Sicily, GIS data of biomass growth were used to identify the appropriate size for the power plants under investi…
Contributo per una visione contemporanea dell’azienda agricola: tra sostenibilità e sfide del mondo digitale
2023
Le sfide che l’umanità sta affrontando e da cui dipende la sopravvivenza del pianeta, il diffondersi nell’ambito dell’attività agricola di tecnologie digitali sempre più avanzate e la necessità di adottare un approccio sostenibile che preservi le risorse a tutela delle generazioni future hanno condotto l’azienda agricola a cambiare gradualmente volto. Questo libro mira a contribuire a un’aggiornata riflessione sul ruolo dell’imprenditore agricolo e dell’azienda da lui condotta, osservandone l’organizzazione e composizione alla luce delle regole che oggi la disciplinano e guardando alle innovazioni necessarie a garantire il raggiungimento dei pressanti obiettivi climatici e ambientali verso …
Recent advances in the application of innovative food processing technologies for mycotoxins and pesticide reduction in foods
2020
Abstract Background Agricultural products are a vital component of the human diet. However, these products can be contaminated by health-threatening pesticides and mycotoxins due to improper farming and storage practices. Besides, pesticide pollution can be also regarded as environmental pollution and pesticide reduction is among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While these hazardous chemicals are stable during several traditional food processing, innovative food processing technologies, including high-pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric fields (PEF), cold plasma (CP), supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), and ultrasound (USN) processing, have been found to have good potent…
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes in International Law: The Special Case of the Mediterranean Area
1997
AbstractSince the early 1980s different organisations have tried to enact international instruments to control international waste trade. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal was adopted in 1989 under the auspices of UNEP in order to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects which may result from the management of waste involved in transboundary movements of hazardous waste and its disposal. The Basel Convention has evolved significantly in eight years-whereas only 35 states and the EC signed the Convention at the time of its adoption, more than 113 states have ratified it as to August 1997. Several …
Model ecosystem for environmental transport of xenobiotics
1982
A compartmentalized aquatic-terrestrial flow-through model ecosystem was constructed for studying the transport of agricultural chemicals from the soil to the aquatic environment in soil drainage. Factors were investigated on the fate of reference toxicant,14C-DDT, in the subsystems of the model. The behavior of DDT corresponds to its behavior in natural soil/water systems. The soil, acting as a reservoir, retained most of the DDT. The transportation of DDT to the aquatic compartment was negligible, with low availability to the aquatic biota. Because of the dynamic nature of the model, variation was evident between and within model units.