Search results for "Water science"
showing 10 items of 1545 documents
Complex Rating Curves for Sharp Crested Orifices and Rectangular or Triangular Weirs under Unsteady Flow Conditions
2021
The importance of discharge measurements is fully acknowledged in many research fields, mostly in hydrology. Numerous measurement devices and various overflow structures have been proposed for discharge measurements; however, their use is based on calibrated simple stage discharge relationships that may cause significant errors when unsteady flow conditions occur. This issue is quite common because of rainfall and runoff temporal variability that inhibits the achievement of the steady state. Although this issue has already been experimentally investigated, it seems that a physically based line of approach has not been attempted before. In this paper, unsteady stage discharge relationships o…
Monthly Hydrological Indicators to Assess Possible Alterations on Rivers’ Flow Regime
2018
Assessing potential deviations of the fundamental river basins’ hydrological processes and streamflow characteristics from the “natural trajectory” represents a high-priority objective to understand the biological impact of altered flow regime on river ecosystems. Existing approaches are mainly based on the analysis of daily-based indicators of hydrologic alteration, which requires wide database, including “pre-impact” and “post-impact” daily flow data frequently unavailable. The hydrological modeling is commonly used to face data missing problems or reconstruct natural conditions, even if models, especially at the daily scales, are often complex and computationally intensive. The use of si…
Assessment of Energy and Economic Effectiveness of Photovoltaic Systems Operating in a Dense Urban Context
2013
A methodology that permits testing the level of integration of the photovoltaic technology in urban areas is presented. The percentage of coverage of the electricity demand of grid-connected photovoltaic systems installed on the roofs of buildings were investigated in a district of the city of Palermo (Sicily). After classifying roofs according to their shape, orientation and pitch by means of satellite images provided by Google Earth, the ratio of the productivity of the PV systems and the consumption of electricity of the households was analysed. The results of the energy assessment have been screened considering the economic feasibility of grid-connected photovoltaic systems: the energy …
Attraction of cod Gadus morhua from coastal spawning grounds to salmon farms
2022
Wild fish aggregate at aquaculture net-pens, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study examined how salmon farms attract coastal Atlantic cod Gadus morhua from their inshore spawning grounds. Acoustic receivers were deployed at 5 known cod spawning grounds and 6 salmon Salmo salar farms located at varying distances from these grounds in a mid-Norway study site. Cod were caught at each spawning ground annually from 2017-2019, fitted with acoustic transmitters and released (n = 535). A total of 289 tagged cod (54%) were detected at the salmon farms, with more cod detected at farms closest to the focal spawning grounds and at operational farms. The latter result is lik…
A methodological system for hydraulic heritage assessment: a management tool
2016
Traditional irrigation systems are spatial units with a remarkable cultural and heritage value, which in turn generate water landscapes. They are part of hydraulic heritage, which includes material, ideational and symbolic assets. However, the assets related to historical irrigation systems and their landscape units have been poorly studied and evaluated. This paper develops a methodological system for the assessment of hydraulic heritage which combines basic and multi-criteria quantitative techniques. The authors conducted an evaluation of water heritage assets and their associated systems for the purpose of establishing a hierarchy for devising appropriate heritage management actions.
Spatial and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 diversity circulating in wastewater
2022
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has proven to be an effective tool for epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, combining WBE together with high-throughput sequencing techniques can be useful for the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral diversity present in a given sample. The present study focuses on the genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in 76 sewage samples collected during the three epidemiological waves that occurred in Spain from 14 wastewater treatment plants distributed throughout the country. The results obtained demonstrate that the metagenomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater allows the detection of mutations that define the B.1.1.…
Natural and anthropogenic influences on the geochemistry of Quaternary lake sediments from Holzmaar, Germany
1997
The accumulation of heavy metals and trace elements has been investigated in a well laminated sequence of Holocene and late Pleistocene lake sediments composed of diatomaceous gyttja, tuff and silt and clay sediments. Varve chronology of the annually deposited gyttja yielded a continuous high-resolution time sequence and allowed the absolute age dating of the sediment. Fluxes of elements remained largely uniform from the late Pleistocene into the Holocene. Higher trace element and heavy metal fluxes occur from 2322 to 862 VT years ago (VT: varve time, years before 1950) and reached their maxima in the uppermost sediments (<845 VT years ago). These increasing element fluxes correlate with in…
Using very high resolution (VHR) imagery within a GEOBIA framework for gully mapping: an application to the Calhoun Critical Zone Observatory
2019
AbstractGully erosion is a form of accelerated erosion that may affect soil productivity, restrict land use, and lead to an increase of risk to infrastructure. An accurate mapping of these landforms can be difficult because of the presence of dense canopy and/or the wide spatial extent of some gullies. Even where possible, mapping of gullies through conventional field surveying can be an intensive and expensive activity. The recent widespread availability of very high resolution (VHR) imagery has led to a remarkable growth in the availability of terrain information, thus providing a basis for the development of new methodologies for analyzing Earth's surfaces. This work aims to develop a ge…
SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area
2020
Preprint disponible en http://hdl.handle.net/10261/209125
The development of species-specific probes for a quantitative estimation of non-cultured bacteria in groundwater samples
2012
The aim of this study was to quantify different bacteria in drinking water production wells that supply the city of Mainz (capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany). Knowledge of the counts of individual microorganisms is important for the appraisal of the hygienic and sensory quality of drinking water. Specific 16S rRNA probes were designed for 14 previously identified but non-cultured bacterial species ( Ferribacterium limneticum , Hydrogenophaga sp., Methylotenera sp., Janthinobacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium selenireducens , Rhodoferax sp., Nitrosomonadaceae bacterium, Thauera sp. and five strains which could not be identified to species level). With fluorescence in situ hybrid…