Search results for "Water"
showing 10 items of 9348 documents
Power Production from Produced Waters via Reverse Electrodialysis: A Preliminary Assessment
2022
Wastewaters generated by crude oil extraction processes, called “produced waters” (PWs), are complex solutions that contain organic compounds, mainly hydrocarbons, and often exhibit high salinity. The large amounts of PWs represent a global issue because of their environmental impact. An approach widely used in the oil industry is the reinjection of this wastewater into the extraction wells after a suitable treatment. The high salt concentration of such solutions may be used in salinity gradient technologies to produce green electricity. Among these technologies, reverse electrodialysis (RED) is one of the most promising. In this work, the application of RED for energy generatio…
Adopting sustainable irrigation technologies in Italy: a study on the determinants of inter- and intra-farm diffusion
2023
This paper analyses the drivers for adopting irrigation systems with water conservation and saving technologies (WCSTs) by Italian farmers. The agricultural sector in Italy, like in other Mediterranean countries, suffers from water scarcity and water endowment variability. Water resources play a decisive role in agricultural production and in implementing large-scale WCSTs capable of improving the resilience of the whole agricultural sector. This study uses a microeconomic panel data approach to estimate farmers' decisions in adopting (inter-farm) sustainable irrigation technologies and assesses the intensity of (intra-farm) water-saving practices. Our analysis identifies the main determina…
A Marching in Space and Time (MAST) solver of the shallow water equations. Part I: The 1D model
2007
A new approach is presented for the numerical solution of the complete 1D Saint-Venant equations. At each time step, the governing system of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is split, using a fractional time step methodology, into a convective prediction system and a diffusive correction system. Convective prediction system is further split into a convective prediction and a convective correction system, according to a specified approximated potential. If a scalar exact potential of the flow field exists, correction vanishes and the solution of the convective correction system is the same solution of the prediction system. Both convective prediction and correction systems are shown to …
Panorámica de la problemática medioambiental en el mundo y en España
2008
As energy resources become scarce and pollution increases, fundamental and often irreversible changes are affecting our global ecosystem, and these changes are already having an influence on countries’ potential for economic growth and development. In this article we examine the principal environmental problems worldwide and how such problems are affected by inequality between countries. In Spain’s case, the basic problems are greenhouse gas emissions, problems relating to water management and issues concerning territory and biodiversity. We also call for the application of economic funding mechanisms to implement environmental policies.
Environmental context determines pollution impacts on ecosystem functioning
2023
Global change assessments have typically ignored synthetic chemical pollution, despite the rapid increase of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and industrial chemicals in the environment. Part of the problem reflects the multifarious origins of these micropollutants, which can derive from urban and agricultural sources. Understanding how micropollutants harm ecosystems is a major scientific challenge due to asymmetries of stress across trophic levels and ecological surprises generated by multiple drivers interacting in human-impacted landscapes. We used field assays above and below municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 60 sampling locations across 20 Swiss streams to test how micropoll…
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater treatment plants and receiving surface waters in Central and Southern Finland
2016
The presence of five selected pharmaceuticals, four anti-inflammatory drugs, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, and an antiepileptic drug carbamazepine, was determined at four municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and in the receiving waterway near the city of Jyväskylä, in central Finland and also in the River Vantaa. First, an analytical method was developed including a pretreatment and purification followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The studied pharmaceuticals were detected from influents and effluents of four municipal WWTPs and from surface water of eight locations along the water …
The toughest animals of the Earth versus global warming: Effects of long-term experimental warming on tardigrade community structure of a temperate d…
2021
Abstract Understanding how different taxa respond to global warming is essential for predicting future changes and elaborating strategies to buffer them. Tardigrades are well known for their ability to survive environmental stressors, such as drying and freezing, by undergoing cryptobiosis and rapidly recovering their metabolic function after stressors cease. Determining the extent to which animals that undergo cryptobiosis are affected by environmental warming will help to understand the real magnitude climate change will have on these organisms. Here, we report on the responses of tardigrades within a five‐year‐long, field‐based artificial warming experiment, which consisted of 12 open‐to…
Geogenic carbon dioxide degassing from active tectonic areas of the Balkan Peninsula
2023
Sin dagli anni ’70, la ricerca scientifica ha evidenziato una forte relazione tra il degassamento di carbonio profondo e le aree tettonicamente attive, sottolineando l’elevata importanza del contributo di queste emissioni nella quantificazione del carbonio globale. La Penisola Balcanica presenta grandi aree caratterizzate da degassamento di carbonio di origine mantellica, da attività vulcaniche Quaternarie, da un’elevata sismicità e da strutture tettoniche a scala regionale. Purtroppo, la stima del degassamento di anidride carbonica profonda in quest’area è ancora poco studiata. La ricerca di questa tesi di dottorato si è focalizzata sulla (i) stima dell’output di carbonio profondo dalle gr…
Geochemical characterization of water quality in karst systems of Greece
2021
Karst systems represent the main drinking water source for 20-25% of world’s population, although covering only 7-10% of the global land surface (Ford & Williams, 2007). Karst aquifers are highly vulnerable to external pollution, so their protection and management is of critical importance to sustain water resources. In Greece, starting from the 1970’s, water demands for agricultural, domestic and industrial use increased significantly, mainly in coastal areas (Daskalaki & Voudouris, 2008). The main Hellenic aquifers are hosted in alluvial deposits, in Neogene deposits and in carbonate rocks. The latter cover about 35% of the country and are located in Western, Central and Southern …