Search results for "Water"
showing 10 items of 9348 documents
Methane-oxidizing and photoautotrophic bacteria are major producers in a humic lake with large anoxic hypolimnion
2011
Heterotrophic processes are considered to prevail in lakes with high terrestrial loading and a high content of dissolved organic carbon. However, previous studies have shown abundant methanotrophic bacteria (MOB) and photoautotrophic green sulphur bacteria (GSB) in some boreal lakes. We used genetic and lipid biomarkers to follow the seasonal succession of the abundance and carbon biomass of the major bacterial groups in Lake Mekkojarvi, a small Finnish polyhumic lake with a large anoxic hypolimnion. Biomarkers were based on length heterogeneity analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (LH-PCR) and on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Representative …
Multicriteria evaluation of alternatives for remote monitoring systems of municipal buildings
2014
Abstract Conservation of natural resources drives municipalities to monitor their heat, power and water consumption more accurately. The objective of this study was to evaluate different implementation possibilities for remote monitoring systems for the municipal buildings of two medium-sized municipalities, Hollola and Nastola in Southern Finland. Four different alternatives were considered: (1) a system by an external service provider, (2) a system provided by the local energy distribution company, (3) a system built by the municipalities themselves, and (4) using the current manual system but with more frequent data collection. The alternatives were evaluated in terms of multiple functio…
Hydro-mechanical modelling of MX-80 bentonite: one dimensional study
2016
As a first step towards modelling the coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) behaviour of bentonite, the Barcelona Basic Model (BBM) has been implemented into Numerrin finite element code. This model has been fully coupled with the single phase flow equation for unsaturated soils which models liquid water transport. Suction obtained from solving the flow equation is used as an input for the BBM model and the volumetric deformations from the mechanical analysis are used to update the pore water pressure field. As an alternative, BBM is used alongside the Kröhn’s model which assumes that bentonite re-saturation is mainly driven by water vapour diffusion. The paper simulates one dimen…
Adsorption and Activation of Water on Cuboctahedral Rhodium and Platinum Nanoparticles
2017
Rh and Pt are widely used as the components in heterogeneous catalysts for multiple industrial applications. Because the metals are typically in the form of nanoparticles in real catalysts, it is important to carefully select models for the computational prediction of the catalytic properties. Here we report a first-principles study on the water activation, an important step in numerous catalytic reactions, using the finite-size Rh and Pt nanoparticle models and compare them to the extended surface models. We show that regardless of the model, adsorption and activation of water is practically identical for both metals, whereas the dissociation is energetically more favorable on Rh. The expe…
Iron and pH regulating the photochemical mineralization of dissolved organic carbon
2017
Solar radiation mineralizes dissolved organic matter (DOM) to dissolved inorganic carbon through photochemical reactions (DIC photoproduction) that are influenced by iron (Fe) and pH. This study addressed as to what extent Fe contributes to the optical properties of the chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and DIC photoproduction at different pH values. We created the associations of Fe and DOM (Fe-DOM) that cover the range of loadings of Fe on DOM and pH values found in freshwaters. The introduced Fe enhanced the light absorption by CDOM independent of pH. Simulated solar irradiation decreased the light absorption by CDOM (i.e., caused photobleaching). Fe raised the rate of photobleaching and steepened…
Turvetuotannon sosiaalisen toimiluvan menetys Saarijärven reitillä
2018
Following the 1970s oil crisis the search for alternative energy sources intensified in Finland. As a result, peat harvesting from peat bogs was launched programmatically. This included peat bogs around the Saarijärvi waterway in central Finland, consisting today about 50 peat harvesting sites. As in a number of cases, these peat harvesting operations are opposed by the local residents, who insist that peat harvesting is spoiling the waters, and thus damaging recreational activities like fishing, swimming, and the enjoyment of nature. The aim of our study was to investigate the situation in greater detail by eliciting local residents’ experiences. In the fall of 2015 a questionnaire was sen…
Changing people’s attitudes and beliefs toward driving through floodwaters : Evaluation of a video infographic
2018
Abstract Despite awareness of campaigns such as ‘Turn Around, Don’t Drown’ and the Australian state of Queensland’s ‘If It’s Flooded, Forget It’, people continue to drive through floodwaters, causing loss of life, risk to rescuers, and damage to vehicles. The aim of this study was to develop a video infographic that highlights the dangers of driving through floodwaters and provide safety tips to reduce the risk, and to evaluate its effectiveness in changing the beliefs and intentions of Australian adults toward this risky driving behaviour. This study adopted an online three-wave non-controlled pretest–posttest design. Australian licensed drivers (N = 201, male = 41, female = 160; Mage = 34…
End-users Co-create Shared Information for a More Complete Real-time Maritime Picture
2017
European Union Member States are working towards an integrated maritime surveillance and deeper information sharing and implementation of Common Information Sharing Environment. Value networks aiming at co-creation, need active facilitation, and relevant platforms for open cooperation. This study analysed scenario analytics, and narrative documents from projects CoopP, CISE, and MARISA by using a Data Extraction Table to classify both objects and phenomenon relevant to European maritime information sharing systems. The object and phenomenon rows are grouped under a European Coast Guard Functions, CGFs framework, to better understand their occurrence and interdependencies. This paper finds t…
Le dimensioni della tariffa del servizio idrico integrato
2019
L’articolo esamina le caratteristiche principali del sistema tariffario idrico, prendendo in considerazione l’evoluzione delle competenze tariffarie e illustrando le diverse funzioni delle tariffe idriche. Si sofferma l’attenzione sulle componenti tariffarie destinate a garantire la sostenibilità economico-finanziaria del servizio idrico, dando conto dei mutamenti normativi intervenuti in materia e analizzando le delibere dell’Autorità di settore. Si descrivono, inoltre, i profili di inclusione sociale compresi nei modelli tariffari, attraverso la disamina delle più recenti regolamentazioni amministrative riguardanti il bonus sociale idrico e la disciplina in tema di morosità degli utenti. …
The effects of different combinations of fixed and moving bed bioreactors on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth and health, water quality and…
2019
The effect of bioreactor design on nitrification efficiency has been well studied, but less is known about the overall impacts on water quality. Besides nitrification, submerged fixed bed bioreactors (FBBR) trap fine solid particles, whereas moving bed bioreactors (MBBR) grind solids, possibly increasing solids and particle accumulation in the system. In this experiment, the effects of different combinations of fixed bed and moving bed bioreactors on water quality, solids removal, particle size distribution, fish health based on histopathological changes and nitrification efficiency were studied in laboratory scale recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus myk…