Search results for "Weather"

Rapid transformation of inorganic to organic and plant-available phosphorous in soils of a glacier forefield

2012

Abstract Chemical weathering of rocks or sediments is extremely important for the generation of soils, for the evolution of landscape, and as a main source of inorganic nutrients for plant growth and therefore for life. Temporal trends in weathering mechanisms, plant succession and nutrients availability in cold environments can be successfully studied in soil chronosequences along a glacier forefield. In the present paper, this was carried out in the pro-glacial area of Morteratsch. Different forms of phosphorous in the soil, stream and spring water chemistry were investigated. Apatite constitutes the main source of P, but it occurs only as a minor accessory mineral phase in the granitic/g…

Hydrogeochemistry and fractionation pathways of Mg isotopes in a continental weathering system: Lessons from field experiments

2012

Abstract The potential of magnesium isotope records from cave carbonate archives (speleothems) has been documented but remains underexplored. This is due to the limited knowledge regarding the complex suite of physico-chemical and biological disequilibrium fractionation processes affecting meteoric fluids in the soil zone, the carbonate hostrock and calcite precipitation in the cave. This study presents δ 26  Mg data from a monitored cave in Germany (Bunker Cave) including rain water (δ 26  Mg: − 0.70 ± 0.14‰), soil water (δ 26  Mg: − 0.51 ± 0.10‰) and drip waters (δ 26  Mg: − 1.65 ± 0.08‰) sampled between November 2009 and May 2011. Field precipitation experiments, i.e., calcite precipitat…

Origin of clay minerals in soils on pyroclastic deposits in the island of Lipari (Italy)

2005

The island of Lipari (Italy) is characterized by calc-alkaline to potassic volcanism and a Mediterranean-type climate. The mineralogical and chemical features of two different soil profiles with ages of 92,000 and 10,000–40,000 y, respectively, have been investigated. There were no Andisols, but Vitric and Vertic Cambisols have developed at both sites. Although the morphology of the soils was similar, remarkable differences in the clay mineralogy between the two sites were observed. The site with the Vitric Cambisol was associated with the weathering sequence: glass → halloysite → kaolinite or interstratified kaolinite-2:1 clay minerals. Both sites had smectite in the clay fraction and, to …

Surface to boundary layer coupling in the urban area of Lisbon comparing different urban canopy models in WRF

2019

Abstract This work presents a sensitivity study to evaluate different Urban Canopy Models (UCM) existing within the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) in the urban area of Lisbon, Portugal. Several hind-cast simulations were carried out for a selected period in July 2010, in which synoptic conditions favoured urban heat island formation. We aim to gain knowledge on the feedback of modified urban canopy representation in WRF on local scale meteorology and the boundary-layer dynamics over the urban area, by comparing a single layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) and a more sophisticated multi-layer building effect parametrisation (BEP). We find significant differences in the characteris…

Dynamics and Predictability of a Heavy Dry-Season Precipitation Event over West Africa—Sensitivity Experiments with a Global Model

2009

Abstract In January 2002 the Cape Verde region in tropical West Africa was hit by an exceptionally heavy precipitation event. Rain rates of up to 116 mm (48 h)−1 caused harmful impacts on the local population. The rainfall was triggered by a series of two upper-level disturbances penetrating from the extratropics to the West African coast. This study investigates the dynamics and predictability of this event on the basis of simulations with the global model Global Model Europe (GME) of the German Weather Service [i.e., Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)] initialized by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis data. Free forecasts satisfactorily reproduce the upper-l…

The effects of seasonal variability of precipitation and vegetation cycle on enhanced weathering for carbon sequestration

2022

<p>Enhanced weathering (EW) is one of the most promising technologies for sequestering atmospheric carbon. It consists on accelerating the chemical weathering fluxes naturally occurring in soils, by means of the addition of silicate minerals (i.e., <em>forsterite</em>), used as amendments, to the soil. If crushed into micrometer-sized particles, these minerals are characterized by high dissolution rates, that may be further improved under high soil water content and low pH conditions. Before actually applying EW technique at the global scale for carbon sequestration, an in-depth characterization of weathering and carbon sequestration rates, under di…

THE ROLE OF HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES ON ENHANCED WEATHERING FOR SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION

2022

Inducing Cold-Sensitivity in the Frigophilic Fly Drosophila montana by RNAi.

2016

Cold acclimation is a critical physiological adaptation for coping with seasonal cold. By increasing their cold tolerance individuals can remain active for longer at the onset of winter and can recover more quickly from a cold shock. In insects, despite many physiological studies, little is known about the genetic basis of cold acclimation. Recently, transcriptomic analyses in Drosophila virilis and D. montana revealed candidate genes for cold acclimation by identifying genes upregulated during exposure to cold. Here, we test the role of myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (Inos), in cold tolerance in D. montana using an RNAi approach. D. montana has a circumpolar distribution and overwinters…

The Impact of Environmental Conditions on Efficiency of Host Plant DNA Barcoding for Polyphagous Beetles.

2015

Recently, several papers were published dealing with host plant identification for selected species of insects, including beetles. These studies took advantage of the DNA barcoding approach and generally showed that it is possible to identify diet composition from plant DNA present in insect guts. However, none of these studies considered how the impact of environmental conditions affected the likelihood of insect feeding and, therefore, the presence of host plant DNA that could be amplified and sequenced. In the present study, individuals of the polyphagous weevil Centricnemus leucogrammus (Germar, 1824) (Curculionidae: Entiminae) were used to test the hypothesis that harsh environmental c…

Cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) Part I. Biology and occurrence

2019

Cercospora beticola Sacc. jest najgroźniejszym patogenem liści buraka cukrowego we wszystkich rejonach uprawy tej rośliny. W niniejszym opracowaniu zebrano najważniejszą wiedzę dotyczącą pozycji systematycznej, biologii, morfologii grzyba oraz jego żywicieli. Opisano warunki, w których dochodzi do infekcji roślin gospodarza oraz wpływ warunków atmosferycznych na rozwój choroby na roślinach. Podano podstawowe informacje na temat rozprzestrzeniania się oraz zimowania C. beticola w warunkach naturalnych. Opisano wpływ na rośliny gospodarza oraz powodowane straty w plonie korzeni i cukru. Całość zagadnienia omówiono w oparciu o polską i światową szeroką bazę literaturową.