Search results for "Weed management"
showing 10 items of 32 documents
Contrasted integrated weed management systems reduce reliance on herbicides and lead to various dynamics of weed communities
2014
Maize-based low-input cropping systems can provide effective weed control while ensuring crop productivity
2016
Conventional Maize Monoculture (MMConv) is now questioned for environmental reasons. During a five-year field experiment, yield and weed pressure of MMConv was compared to three low-input Cropping Systems (CS) : MMLI, a Low-Input Maize Monoculture; MMCT, a Conservation Tillage Maize Monoculture; Maize-MSW, Maize rotated with Soyabean and Wheat, all designed to reduce water pollution. In 2014 and 2015, weed-free zones were established on all CS. Weed biomass was higher in MMCT, especially for spring grasses and perennials. MMConv (11.3±1.1 T ha-1) and MMLI (10.6±2.3 T ha-1) had higher grain yields than MMCT (8.2±1.9 T ha-1). Finally, concerning yields observed in weed-free zones, MMCT yields…
Analyse des effets direct et indirect des pratiques agricoles sur les adventices et la production de blé tendre d’hiver
2016
Analysis of direct and indirect effects of farming practices on weeds and winter wheat yield. Farmers implement farming practices to maximize production by limiting biotic (e.g. weeds) and abiotic (e.g. nutrient) growth factors. Our study aimed to quantify direct and indirect (through a change of weed pressure) effects of farming practices on yield. We analysed the relationships between farming practices, weeds and yield of 152 wheat fields located in the study site of Fénay (UMR Agroécologie, Dijon) using partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM). Our results showed that farming practices had a positive direct effect on crop productivity (β = 0.32). Farming practices decreased weed pres…
The role of models in management and conservation of weeds
2013
Session 7 - Options and perspectives in weed managementEASPEEcolDurCT1; Weeds are both a harmful crop pest and an important component of biodiversity. Moreover, herbicide use must be reduced to limit its impact on environment, and weed control must now combine numerous management techniques with partial efficiency aiming at preventing weed occurrence. Biological regulations of weeds by other biotic components could also contribute to control infestations. Thus, new cropping systems are needed, combining numerous techniques and aiming at both maximising weed-related biodiversity and minimising weed harmfulness.[br/]Weed dynamics models are increasingly used to design innovative cropping syst…
Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de l’orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices
2016
Branched broomrape, Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, is a parasitic plant which causes important yield losses in crops, particularly in winter oilseed rape in France. In order to design efficient pest management strategies, we modelled the effects of cropping systems on branched broomrape dynamics in interaction with weeds and crops in a model called PHERASYS. PHERASYS functions and parameters were based on literature and on our own experiments. The model simulates the complete life-cycle of the parasite, from seed dynamics in the soil to seed production after development on the host. Interactions between the parasite and crops and weeds were characterized at the species level and at the plan…
New Decision-making Tools for sustainable Weed Control
2021
En 2017, le Conseil fédéral suisse a adopté le pland’action visant à la réduction des risques et à l’utilisation durable des produits phytosanitaires. L’une desmesures de ce plan est «la renonciation complète oupartielle aux herbicides». Or, celle-ci n’est réalisablequ’au travers d’une stratégie de gestion globale desadventices, à l’échelle de la culture et de la rotation. Eneffet, les adventices sont nuisibles pour la culture enplace l’année en cours, mais aussi de manière pluriannuelle par le biais de leur stock semencier. La mise enœuvre de mesures préventives et curatives basées surles principes de la protection intégrée nécessite denouveaux outils d’aide à la décision. Des indicateursd…
The role of models for multicriteria evaluation and multiobjective design of cropping systems for managing weeds
2014
Modelling cropping system effects on branched broomrape dynamics in interaction with weeds
2018
International audience; Branched broomrape, Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, is a parasitic plant which infects many crop and weed species. As a holoparasite, it entirely relies on host resources to survive and reproduce. It is a major pest in oilseed rape in France. Its management has to be thought as a part of the overall weed management because infected weeds either must be killed to limit crop infection or can be used to stimulate suicidal parasite germinations. In order to design efficient pest management strategies, we modelled the effects of cropping systems on P. ramosa dynamics in interaction with weeds in a model called PHERASYS. PHERASYS functions and parameters were based on the l…
Analysis and modeling of the role of nitrogen competition in weed control
2020
This project challenges the question of reducing herbicide use, considering that a concomitant reduction of nitrogen fertiliser use and a better choice of the sown species/varieties can help to design more sustainable cropping systems. Combining plant ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and modelling, this project aims at analysing to which extent optimizing nitrogen fertilisation and crop species/cultivar choice can provide new ways to promote biological weed regulation via plant-plant competition, thereby reducing herbicide use. This project will use an original approach consisting in feeding and then using a mechanistic model, FLORSYS, predicting cropweed community assembly as a function of…
Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de la plante parasite orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices
2019
Reducing pesticide use is a major challenge in agriculture and involves developing more sustainable methods that rely on non-chemical cropping techniques and biological regulations according to agroecological principles. Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a root parasitic plant which infects crops and causes dramatic yield losses worldwide. Managing broomrape is complex because it requires combining several cropping techniques whithin a global weed management strategy because broomrape is also able to infect non-parasitic weeds. The aim of this thesis was to stynthetize knowledge on branched broomrape dynamics in agroecosystems and to aggregate it within a mechanistic mod…