Search results for "Weed"

AFPP - 22nd COLUMA Conference - International Meeting on Weed Control

2013

A trait-based analysis of cover crop strategies for resource acquisition and use: application to weed control in banana cropping systems

2014

International audience

Discussion on collaborative works on rare plants protection

2014

During the session, I presented the interest of studying rare plants and the need to assess the relative success of different conservation measures. Besides its rationale and the diverse benefits for agriculture, biodiversity and human heritage, I discussed the hassle of getting money to setup programs and get money from national and European agencies. Being sexy for decision-makers and explaining key questions for reviewers was illustrated by deciders’’ responses to three calls for public tender for research proposals in the area of agriculture and biodiversity. One proposal was for a European research grant on restoration of arable plant communities. Ten of the 52 eligible projects were a…

Selection of herbicide resistance: How can we (try and) avoid it?

2015

Characterisation of phenotypic plasticity in seedling stage of native and invasive populations in Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

2012

Increased phenotypic plasticity has often been invoked as an hypothesis to explain the capacity of alien invasive plant species to colonize new environments, because it may enhance the ability of plants to cope with new biotic and abiotic conditions. Following this hypothesis, alien invasive populations should be represented by more plastic genotypes than populations in the native range. In annual species, the seedling stage is of crucial importance for population dynamics but surprisingly very few studies have investigated differences in phenotypic plasticity on seedling traits. Based on populations from the native range (North America) and the invasive range (France) of Ambrosia artemisii…

Why and how should we study rare segetal plants ?

2014

Rare arable plants were typical inhabitants of cropped fields since the origins of agriculture. Their cultural-historical value deserves they are considered part of human history. However, their survival is now threatened by last decades’ agricultural intensification. Conservation concepts and public concern aim at considering these plants as different from other weeds. They have iconic value for European people, and there are national conservation plans, albeit with quite a great disparity between countries. However, rare segetal plants are minute part of the biodiversity, and even their biodiversity and ecosystem service are still not clearly demonstrated. I wish to discuss here on the in…

Resistance to pesticides in weeds and fungi: similar ways to a same end, survival

2007

International audience

Common ragweed national maps & public policies in France

2014

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) has been detected in France in the middle of the XIXth century. It has spread throughout the territory during the XXth century with a critical evolution. Public policies have not been able to contain this spread at the moment, and it is now difficult to find ways to tackle the invasion. Publication of national and regional maps seems to be an effective tool to draw up an overview of the situation and build management strategies. With a set of historical and modern data collected all over the French territory, and from many different stakeholders, we consider the progress of the species in time. The system of legislation applied locally is analyzed…

First results of weed evolution in no tillage systems in winter wheat in France

2013

International audience; The adoption of no-tillage is presently a strong trend in Europe. If this cropping system is to be widely adopted in the 1980s in the North and South America, in Australia, no tillage is used by few farmers in France where agriculture and tillage are considered synonymous by farmers and agronomists. Weed infestation is generally described as to increase when the selection pressure due to soil tillage is reduced. The European strengthened regulations on herbicide used and the ban of transgenic crop in France does not facilitate the development of non-tillage. This communication presents the first results on the evolution of weed communities on farmer’s fields in East …

Arable weeds in agricultural landscapes: new paradigms and emerging challenges

2008

National audience