Search results for "Weeds"

Reduction of nitrate leaching: what is the contribution of the residual weed flora?

2018

International audience; Integrated crop protection tolerates residual weeds if they are not harmful for crop production. Weeds are often solely considered as a pest, causing crop yield loss, harvest pollution, diseases … However, they may also provide beneficial services for agroecosystems, promoting plant biodiversity and feeding other organisms potentially beneficial to crop production (pollinators, carabids…). The role of residual weed flora as nitrate catchers, during summer fallow, has however rarely been assessed. Yet, some weed species are known for their high potential to take up soil nitrogen. The present study aimed to (1) develop an indicator to account for the potential benefici…

Editorial Highlight. Discover Cambridge. Will frost-resistant weeds benefit from climate change ? About The paper ‘Relative success of frost-resistan…

2021

Gestion des adventices dans un contexte de réduction des intrants de synthèse

2018

Trait distribution within winter wheat fields can partly be explained by disturbances and competition for resources

2013

International audience; Weed species are not homogeneously distributed into field elements (Cordeau et al. 2012)*.In a field, weed species are mainly competing with the crop and constrained by management practice (i.e.disturbances). In the crop edge, less unfavorable conditions for weed development (i.e.absence of direct crop competition,l ess frequent disturbances could explain the greater diversity of weeds.To understand this observation, a functional approach base dont raits known to respond both to disturbances and to competitive or facilitative interactions can be used.Our assumptions are that(i)the crop edge is likely to all owawi derrange of ecological strategies thus promoting speci…

Conception et évaluation de systèmes de culture innovants : le cas exemplaire de la Protection Intégrée contre la flore adventice

2009

Pas de résumé

Et si une impasse de désherbage en agriculture de conservation des sols vous poussait à retravailler le sol ? Quelle intervention choisiriez-vous ?

2019

National audience; En Agriculture de Conservation des Sols (ACS), la perturbation minimale du sol est l’un des trois prin-cipes. Si l’impasse se fait sentir mieux vaut repenser le système que de laisser le mur se rapprocher à grands pas. Trois types de gestion d’interculture (Labour, travail superficiel (TCS) et semis direct avec glyphosate (SD)) ont été comparés sur des parcelles conduites sans labour depuis 17 ans dont les 7 dernières années en ACS sur le domaine de l’INRA de Dijon avant implantation d’un blé, sur un dispo-sitif en bandes répétées sur quatre parcelles. Des relevés de flore adventice, rendement et compo-sante de rendement ont été faite. Les densités moyennes sont faibles p…

Étude de la biologie d'une messicole en régression: le bleuet (Centaurea cyanus L.)

2011

Agroecosystems are currently experiencing high biodiversity loss, in particular among the plant species specifically adapted to this habitat. This decline results from cropping systems that have been intensified in Western Europe since the 1950s. The cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), considered as emblem of the flora associated with traditional cereals, appears as a species that may be at risk and should be monitored. Indeed, cornflower can serve as a host to predators of crop pests and is strongly attractive for the pollinators. This study examines the biological factors that could potentially cause the decline of this species: spatial distribution, potential for growth, population's genet…

Accompagner les réseaux DEPHY-FERME et DEPHY EXPE dans la caractérisation de l’effet des systèmes de culture sur la flore adventice

2015

To characterize weed pressure in agricultural fields of the DEPHY Ecophyto networks, the "weeds" working group of the CASIMIR project, helped by crop and weed experts working for the french crop institutes, developed two methods (CASIMIR DEPHY­FARM and CASIMIR DEPHY­EXPE) to survey weeds in main crops. The objectives of these methods are: (i) with short­term concern, assess the efficacy of farming practices to manage weeds within the crop season, (ii) with long­term concern, assess the effect of cropping system (farming practices and crop sequence) on the dynamic of the weed communities. The CASIMIR DEPHY­FARM method is based on walk away surveys made within a 2000­m² reference plot where t…

Intra-row weed detection in wheat at early growing stage using imaging system

2017

AGROSUPSPEEAGESTAD; In the present agroecological context, the reduction of herbicide uses becomes a substantial issue. For weed control and site specific weed management the development of new technologies is required to identify individual plant. Although many crop/weed discrimination methods have been developed, the automatic intra-row weed detection is still a challenge, particularly in wheat. An imaging system is developed to detect black grass in wheat at early growing stage. The technique mimics the method used by a human expert in such conditions. Thus, the hypocotyl diameter was used as distinguishing criterion. For experiments, the seeds of black grass and wheat were sown in recta…

Soil weed seedbank composition and structure in a long-term nutrient management experiment

2016

EAGESTAD; Weed communities can be influenced by nutrient availability, nutrient form (e.g. ammonium vs. nitrate), amendment timing, amendment type, and by immigration of seeds during amendment applications. New York ranks third in the United States in the number of dairy cows and thus dairy manure applications are prevalent throughout the state. The objective of this work was to compare the effect of dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer on soil weed seedbank composition and structure in a long-term nutrient management experiment. The field experiment was initiated in 2001 at the Cornell Musgrave Research Farm in Aurora, NY and compared ten treatments in a corn-alfalfa rotation using a rand…