Search results for "Weeds"
showing 10 items of 63 documents
Behind the French National Action Plan in favor of Messicoles, the rare arable weeds
2013
Earliest concerns about weed species disappearing from the fields in France rose in the 70s, but they gained recognition in 1993 only with a scientific meeting entitled: “Are weeds worth protecting?“. Thereafter, the French Ministry of Environment initiated a data collection and expert discussion through the network of the National Botanic Conservatories (scientific structures in charge of the survey and preservation of the wild flora and habitats). This approach recently ended with the release of a 241 pages document presenting the state of the art about 102 species strictly associated with arable lands in France: the “Messicoles” (from Latin words meaning “living in cereals”). In 2009 and…
Why and how should we study rare segetal plants ?
2014
Rare arable plants were typical inhabitants of cropped fields since the origins of agriculture. Their cultural-historical value deserves they are considered part of human history. However, their survival is now threatened by last decades’ agricultural intensification. Conservation concepts and public concern aim at considering these plants as different from other weeds. They have iconic value for European people, and there are national conservation plans, albeit with quite a great disparity between countries. However, rare segetal plants are minute part of the biodiversity, and even their biodiversity and ecosystem service are still not clearly demonstrated. I wish to discuss here on the in…
Resistance to pesticides in weeds and fungi: similar ways to a same end, survival
2007
International audience
Arable weeds in agricultural landscapes: new paradigms and emerging challenges
2008
National audience
Digital tools for a biomass prediction from a plant-growth model. Application to a weed control in wheat crop
2019
International audience; Weed control is essential for crop quality and yield. Usually, the main factors affectingdecision-making of farmers in weeding are based on the presence of certain weedvarieties and their density (plants/m2). However, the weed management at the scale ofthe crop cycle refers to other competition indicators, more reliable, such as plantbiomass or leaf area index (LAI). Classically, plant biomass measurements are obtainedby a destructive method of sampling, time consuming and it turns out to be unworkablein practice for farmers. This project proposes to study an innovative method of biomassevaluation which is based on the acquisition of plot images to determine the leaf…
Legumes and the environment
2017
Prod 2017-358a BAP GEAPSI INRA; International audience; The ability of legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen gives them a crucial role in sustainable farming systems. Their presence can provide several other valuable ecological services. In Europe these assets have been neglected whilst developing highinput farming systems for maximizing yields. Diverse strategies are presented for maximizing ecological services provided by legumes in order to re-integrate them in cropping systems. Key words: Inputs, intercrop, ecological services, mineralization, weeds, N-fixation, value chain The second plenary session of the International Legume Society conference was dedicated to talks on “Legume and envi…
Stability of consumption pattern in two seed eating carabid species
2017
SPEGESTADDOCT INRA; Carabids can eat a substantial amount of seeds of weeds per day and are considered as credible biocontrol agents for the regulation of weeds in arable fields. Carabids species belong to either granivore, omnivore or carnivore trophic guilds and we expected each of these to have specific patterns of weed seed consumption and specific responses to biotic interactions. These differences will impact the total predation rate of a carabid community and may also explain why it is difficult to predict the efficiency of carabid biocontrol service. To test this expectation, we looked at the consumption pattern of two species of carabids species common in arable fields, one known a…
ENGAGED: System design of direct seedings under permanent cover crop without glyphosate
2022
Direct seeding under permanent cover crop (SDCV) corresponds to sow a crop in a multiyear vegetal cover crop(often clover) without soil perturbation. It is an emblematic technique of Conservation Agriculture whose agronomicand environmental interests are multiple because of the special attention paid to soils. However, the issue of weedcontrol and permanent cover crop control is central to SDCV culture systems. The use of non-selective herbicide suchas glyphosate is the most common technical lever for weed and cover crop management. Glyphosate is in the hotseat since the President of France announced its banning from 2023. It becomes necessary to find alternatives for thesustainability of t…
Développement d’un outil d’aide à la décision pour la gestion intégrée des adventices
2016
Integrated weed management consists in using several weed management techniques in a long-term approach. The vast number of techniques precludes cropping systems from being easily conceived and climatic interactions render the systems difficult to pursue. Farmers and farm advisors need decision support systems (DSS) to develop weed management strategies adapted to multicriteria/multiobjectives of weed management, to the economic, social and environmental stakes and to the constraints of farmers. Such a DSS is developed from the mechanistic weed dynamic model FLORSYS. This model is a “virtual field” allowing the evaluation of the performance of agricultural systems over a large range of agri…
What are the biological determinants of regeneration of perennial weeds? Effect of fragment weight and bud number on the regrowth of five perennial w…
2022
Perennial weeds have become an increasing problem with the reduction of herbicide use andtillage. Because of their capacity to regenerate from vegetative organs, such as roots andrhizomes, they must be controlled with different management techniques than annuals. Todate, few studies exist on this topic and farmers often lack solutions to control perennials intheir cropping systems. Management strategies must focus on the depletion of theregenerative organ reserves to hamper the production of new shoots. However, there is aneed for a better understanding of below-ground organs physiology and the determiningfactors of their regrowth capacities.Our aim was to assess the number of shoots and th…