Search results for "Wheat"

Control of Fusarium graminearum in Wheat With Mustard-Based Botanicals: From in vitro to in planta

2020

Fusarium graminearum is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium head blight in small-grain cereals, such as wheat, with significant yield reductions. Moreover, it contaminates the cereal grains with health-threatening mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), jeopardizing food and feed safety. Plant-based biopesticides, i.e. botanicals, have recently gained increased interest in crop protection as alternatives to synthetic chemical products. The main objective of this study was to test the control efficacy of botanicals based on white or Indian/Oriental mustard seed flours (Tillecur – Ti, Pure Yellow Mustard – PYM, Pure Oriental Mustard – POM, Oriental Mustard Bran – OMB) on F. gramin…

Yarrowia lipolytica cell wall architecture: interaction of Ywp1, a mycelial protein, with other wall components and the effect of its depletion

1999

Linkages of Ywp1 to other components of the Yarrowia lipolytica mycelial cell wall were studied by extraction with beta-mercaptoethanol and zymolyase (a beta-glucanase complex) and by the use of rabbit polyclonal antibody preparation raised against Ywp1. Ywp1 complexed with an N-glycosylated cell wall protein(s) to form supramolecular complexes through disulphide bridges (extractable with beta-mercaptoethanol) or bonded to beta-1,3-glucan (extractable with zymolyase). The lack of a specific morphological phenotype when YWP1 was knocked out by gene disruption might indicate that other proteins present in the cell wall of Y. lipolytica compensated for its loss. In this mutant, the electrophor…

Yield And Competitive Ability Against Weeds Of Mixtures Between Old And Modern Wheat Varieties

2018

Durum wheat is the keystone of the agro-ecosystems in the arable land of the Mediterranean environments and an important part of its area falls within organic farms. For this crop competition exerted by weeds for the use of resources (natural and auxiliary) can determine drastic yield and quality reductions (Ruisi et al., 2015). In organic farming such critical issue is often addressed through a remodelling of several techniques such as soil tillage management, sowing time, plant density and genotype choice. With regard to the latter, there is a growing interest by organic farmers towards the old varieties as they, compared to the modern varieties, have a definitely greater competitive weed…

Quasi‐digital front‐ends for current measurement in integrated circuits with giant magnetoresistance technology

2014

In this study, the authors report on two different electronic interfaces for low-power integrated circuits electric current monitoring through current-to-frequency (I-f) conversion schemes. This proposal displays the intrinsic advantages of the quasi-digital systems regarding direct interfacing and self-calibrating capabilities. In addition, as current-sensing devices, they have made use of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) technology because of its high sensitivity and compatibility with standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor processes. Single elements and Wheatstone bridges based on spin-valves and magnetic tunnel junctions have been considered. In this sense, schematic-level si…

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose for Bioethanol Production

2017

Abstract The effect of temperature, time and amount of enzyme on hydrolysis of wheat straw lignocellulose remaining after furfural production was studied. The residual substrate was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at different temperatures — 45 °C, 50 °C and 55 °C. Hydrolysis time was 72 hours, and samples were taken every 24 hours. The maximum glucose yield (76.5% of the theoretically possible) was reached when hydrolysis temperature 50 °C was used. The production rate of glucose increased with a hydrolysis period of time. The yield of glucose significantly depended on the ratio of enzyme to substrate.

Exploring the Hedging Effectiveness of European Wheat Futures Markets during the 2007-2012 Period

2014

Abstract The hypothesis that speculative behaviour was the cause of the instability of commodity prices has brought renewed interest in futures markets. In this paper, the hedging effectiveness of European and US wheat futures markets were studied to test whether they were affected by the price instability observed after 2007. Indirectly, this could also be thought as a test of whether the increasing presence of speculators in futures markets have made them divorced from physical markets. A multivariate GARCH model was applied to compute optimal hedging ratios. No important evidence was found of a change in the hedging effectiveness after 2007.

Development of Durum Wheat Breads Low in Sodium Using a Natural Low-Sodium Sea Salt

2020

Durum wheat is widespread in the Mediterranean area, mainly in southern Italy, where traditional durum wheat breadmaking is consolidated. Bread is often prepared by adding a lot of salt to the dough. However, evidence suggests that excessive salt in a diet is a disease risk factor. The aim of this work is to study the effect of a natural low-sodium sea salt (Saltwell&reg

Effetti della competizione interspecifica sull’efficienza di utilizzazione dell’azoto in differenti genotipi di frumento duro al variare della dispon…

2009

Early Sowing Allows To Reduce Weed Pressure In No-Till Organic Durum Wheat Production

2018

In organic farming, the adoption of the conventional tillage (CT) technique is considered by many farmers to be necessary to control weeds. Such tillage system, in fact, permits to bury weed seeds deep in the soil by means of soil inversion with moldboard plowing and to eliminate the weed plants that gradually emerge by means of the secondary tillage operations. However, it is also true that intensive tillage progressively reduces the soil organic matter content and the stability of soil aggregates, thus increasing the risk of soil erosion (Six et al. 2000). This is in contrast with one of the basic principles of organic agriculture, which is the conservation of soil fertility. Alternativel…

Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity Diagnosed by Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Challenge: Exploring a New Clinical Entity.

2012

Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity Diagnosed by Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Challenge: Exploring a New Clinical Entity