Search results for "Word processing"
showing 10 items of 40 documents
Jalapeno or jalapeño: Do diacritics in consonant letters modulate visual similarity effects during word recognition?
2020
AbstractPrior research has shown that word identification times to DENTIST are faster when briefly preceded by a visually similar prime (dentjst; i↔j) than when preceded by a visually dissimilar prime (dentgst). However, these effects of visual similarity do not occur in the Arabic alphabet when the critical letter differs in the diacritical signs: for the target the visually similar one-letter replaced prime (compare and is no more effective than the visually dissimilar one-letter replaced prime Here we examined whether this dissociative pattern is due to the special role of diacritics during word processing. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment in Spanish using target…
Does consonant–vowel skeletal structure play a role early in lexical processing? Evidence from masked priming
2017
Published online: 02 November 2017 Is the specific consonant–vowel (CV) letter combination of a word a basic source of information for lexical access in the early stages of processing? We designed two masked priming lexical decision experiments to respond to this question by directly examining the role of CV skeletal structure in written-word recognition. To that aim, each target word was preceded by a one-letter different nonword prime that kept the same CV skeletal structure or not. We also included an identity prime as a control. Results showed faster word identification times in the CV congruent condition than in the CV incongruent condition when a consonant was replaced from the target…
Tentative Recommendation on Terminology and Definitions in Respiratory Physiology: Résumé of the Isott Consensus Session 1992
1994
1 The use of small letters for the symbols “p” (partial pressure), “s” (saturation) and “c” (concentration) (e.g. pO2, sO2, cO2) follows recommendations of the IFCC and IUPAC [4]. This supports the use of contemporary word processing systems and mostly eliminates the need to use subscripts (except for chemical valencies: e.g. O2, CO2, H2CO3 etc.). The potential risk of misinterpretations and double meanings is reduced also (e.g. “cO2” [oxygen concentration] v.s. “CO2” [carbon dioxide] and “sO2” [oxygen saturation] v.s. “sO2” [sulfur dioxide]). 2 The symbol shall include the site of measurement or description, e.g. paO2 (arterial O2 partial pressure), svO2 (mixed venous oxygen saturation), o…
Early Brain Sensitivity to Word Frequency and Lexicality During Reading Aloud and Implicit Reading
2019
The present study investigated the influence of lexical word properties on the early stages of visual word processing (<250 ms) and how the dynamics of lexical access interact with task-driven top-down processes. We compared the brain's electrical response (event-related potentials, ERPs) of 39 proficient adult readers for the effects of word frequency and word lexicality during an explicit reading task versus a visual immediate-repetition detection task where no linguistic intention is required. In general, we observed that left-lateralized processes linked to perceptual expertise for reading are task independent. Moreover, there was no hint of a word frequency effect in early ERPs, while …
Effects of Global and Local Contexts on Harmonic Expectancy
1998
Several psycholinguistic studies have investigated the influence of local and global semantic contexts on word processing. The first aim of the present study was to examine local and global level contributions to harmonic priming. The second was to test a spreading-activation account of harmonic context effects (Bharucha, 1987). The expectations for the last chord (the target) of eight-chord sequences were varied by simultaneously manipulating the harmonic relationship of the target to the first six chords (global context) and to the seventh chord (local context). Human performances demonstrated that harmonic expectancies are derived from both the global and local levels of musical structur…
Sonority as a Phonological Cue in Early Perception of Written Syllables in French
2020
Many studies focused on the letter and sound co-occurrences to account for the well-documented syllable-based effects in French in visual (pseudo)word processing. Although these language-specific statistical properties are crucial, recent data suggest that studies that go all-in on phonological and orthographic regularities may be misguided in interpreting how—and why—readers locate syllable boundaries and segment clusters. Indeed, syllable-based effects could depend on more abstract, universal phonological constraints that rule and govern how letter and sound occur and co-occur, and readers could be sensitive to sonority—a universal phonological element—for processing (pseudo)words. Here, …
The time course of processing handwritten words: An ERP investigation
2021
Available online 25 June 2021. Behavioral studies have shown that the legibility of handwritten script hinders visual word recognition. Furthermore, when compared with printed words, lexical effects (e.g., word-frequency effect) are magnified for less intelligible (difficult) handwriting (Barnhart and Goldinger, 2010; Perea et al., 2016). This boost has been interpreted in terms of greater influence of top-down mechanisms during visual word recognition. In the present experiment, we registered the participants’ ERPs to uncover top-down processing effects on early perceptual encoding. Participants’ behavioral and EEG responses were recorded to high- and low-frequency words that varied in scr…
A Novel Approach to Improve the Accuracy of Web Retrieval
2010
General purpose search engines utilize a very simple view on text documents: They consider them as bags of words. It results that after indexing, the semantics of documents is lost. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to improve the accuracy of Web retrieval. We utilize the WordNet and WordNet SenseRelate All Words Software as main tools to preserve the semantics of the sentences of documents and user queries. Nouns and verbs in the WordNet are organized in the tree hierarchies. The word meanings are presented by numbers that reference to the nodes on the semantic tree. The meaning of each word in the sentence is calculated when the sentence is analyzed. The goal is to put each nou…
ETAT: Expository Text Analysis Tool.
2002
Qualitative methods that analyze the coherence of expository texts not only are time consuming, but also present challenges in collecting data on coding reliability. We describe software that analyzes expository texts more rapidly and produces a notable level of objectivity. ETAT (Expository Text Analysis Tool) analyzes the coherence of expository texts. ETAT adopts a symbolic representational system, known as conceptual graph structures. ETAT follows three steps: segmentation of a text into nodes, classification of the unidentified nodes, and linking the nodes with relational arcs. ETAT automatically constructs a graph in the form of nodes and their interrelationships, along with various a…
Does Tonal Information Affect the Early Stages of Visual-Word Processing in Thai?
2014
Thai offers a unique opportunity to investigate the role of lexical tone processing during visual-word recognition, as tone is explicitly expressed in its script. In order to investigate the contribution of tone at the orthographic/phonological level during the early stages of word processing in Thai, we conducted a masked priming experiment—using both lexical decision and word naming tasks. For a given target word (e.g., ห้อง/hᴐ:ŋ2/, room), five priming conditions were created: (a) identity (e.g., ห้อง/hᴐ:ŋ2/), (b) same initial consonant, but with a different tone marker (e.g., ห่อง/hᴐ:ŋ1/), (c) different initial consonant, but with the same tone marker (e.g., ศ้อง/sᴐ:ŋ2/), (d) orthograph…