Search results for "YK"

Wizja religii cesarstwa rzymskiego według Tertuliana na podstawie "Apologetyka"

2019

Artykuł prezentuje myśli Tertuliana na temat religii pogańskiej i chrześcijańskiej w Cesarstwie Rzymskim w II w., które zawarł w Apologetyku. W poszczególnych punktach artykułu są prezentowane porównania religii chrześcijańskiej z pogańską. Po przedstawieniu argumentów Tertuliana można stwierdzić, że nawołuje on wszystkich pogan, aby zostali chrześcijanami. Tylko w chrześcijaństwie odnajduje on prawdziwie Boga oraz czystość obyczajów, których nie ma w religiach pogańskich. Dzięki Tertulianowi poznajemy kształtowanie się chrześcijaństwa w dwóch pierwszych wiekach, a także kulty i obyczaje pogan.

Niemcy, Rosja i kwestia polska w publicystyce Jędrzeja Giertycha na łamach "Horyzontów" paryskich (1956-1971)

2017

The liberalization of the communist system in mid-1950s, disillusionment with the policy of the West, fears connected with West German revisionism, and dwindling chances of change in the situation of Central-Eastern Europe contributed to a differentiation of attitudes among the Polish emigrants. Some of them, notably the nationalists, voiced the need to seek compromise with Russia. This led to the emergence of a pro-Russian option alongside the still dominant pro-Western one. The thesis on the need of an alliance with Russia was propagated by Jędrzej Giertych in his jo umalism in the "Horyzonty” monthly published in Paris. This ideologically committed opponent of communism and a staunch Cat…

Przyczynek do kwestii estetycznej około roku 1897

2017

A ąuestionnaire on “the essence and goal of a novel” published in 1897 in “Kurier Niedzielny” is an interesting documentation of aesthetic views of writers and literary critics in the late 19th century. Representatives of all literary generations of that time - from pre-positivists through two generations of Polish positivists to Young Poland writers - speak in favor of moderate aestheticism protesting against bias in literaturę and defend the autonomy of an artist. Quotes from participants exhibit good command of both idealistic (post-Hegel) aesthetic tradition and emotionalistic concepts of Positivism. They also foreshadow aesthetic predilection of Modemism. They do not provide an in-dept…

"Płynie Wisła, płynie..." : motyw rzeki w literaturze międzywojennego "Płomyka" (1917-1939)

2017

Code Contracts ja ComTest-yksikkötestausgenerointi .NET-kielissä

2015

Opetuksen tehostamiseen suunnattu työkalu ComTest osaa luoda yksikkötestejä koodin kommentteihin kirjoitettujen ohjeiden perusteella. Sopimuspohjaisessa suunnittelussa olion metodeille asetetaan ehtoja, joiden on oltava voimassa ennen operaation suorittamista tai sen jälkeen. Tällaiset ehdot voidaan automaattisesti kirjoittaa osaksi koodin kommentteja. Code Contracts on laajennos .NET-kieliin, jonka avulla sopimuspohjainen suunnittelu saadaan osaksi sovelluskehitystä. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, miten ComTest ja Code Contracts liittyvät toisiinsa. ComTest, a tool mainly directed to make teaching more efficient, is able to create Unit Tests based on directions written in the code comments. In…

A new 18 GHz room temperature electron cyclotron resonance ion source for highly charged ion beams

2020

An innovative 18 GHz HIISI (Heavy Ion Ion Source Injector) room temperature Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source (ECRIS) has been designed and constructed at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL), for the nuclear physics program of the JYFL Accelerator Laboratory. The primary objective of HIISI is to increase the intensities of medium charge states (M/Q ≅ 5) by a factor of 10 in comparison with the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS and to increase the maximum usable xenon charge state from 35+ to 44+ to serve the space electronics irradiation testing program. HIISI is equipped with a refrigerated permanent magnet hexapole and a noncylindrical plasma chamber to achieve very stro…

The effect of plasma instabilities on the background impurities in charge breeder ECRIS

2017

International audience; Experimental observations of plasma instabilities in the 14.5 GHz PHOENIX charge breeder ECRIS are summarized. It has been found that the injection of 133Cs+ or 85Rb+ into oxygen discharge of the CB-ECRIS can trigger electron cyclotron instabilities, which results to sputtering of the surfaces exposed to the plasma, followed by up to an order of magnitude increase of impurity currents in the extracted n+ charge state distribution. The transition from stable to unstable plasma regime is caused by gradual accumulation and ionization of Cs/Rb altering the discharge parameters in 10 - 100 ms time scale, not by a prompt interaction between the incident ion beam and the EC…

Recent improvements of the LPSC charge breeder

2017

International audience; PSC has developed the PHOENIX electron cyclotron resonance Charge Breeder since 2000. The performances have been improved over time acting on the 1+ and N+ beam optics, the base vacuum and the 1+ beam injection. A new objective is to update the booster design to enhance high charge state production and 1+ N+ efficiencies, reduce the co-extracted background beam and improve the ion source tunability. The first step, consisting in increasing the peak magnetic field at injection from 1.2 T to 1.6 T was implemented and significant improvement in 1+N+ efficiencies are reported: 12.9% of 23Na8+, 24.2% of 40Ar8+, 13.3% of 132Xe26+ and 13% of 133Cs26+. The next steps of the …

Charge breeding time investigations of electron cyclotron resonance charge breeders

2018

To qualify electron cyclotron resonance charge breeders, the method that is traditionally used to evaluate the charge breeding time consists in generating a rising edge of the injected beam current and measuring the time in which the extracted multicharged ion beam reaches 90% of its final current. It is demonstrated in the present paper that charge breeding times can be more accurately measured by injecting short pulses of 1 + ions and recording the time resolved responses of N + ions. This method is used to probe the effect of the 1 + ion accumulation in the plasma known to disturb the buffer gas plasma equilibrium and is a step further in understanding the large discrepancies reported in…

The biased disc of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source as a probe of instability-induced electron and ion losses

2019

International audience; Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) plasmas are prone to kinetic instabilities resulting in loss of electron and ion confinement. It is demonstrated that the biased disk of an ECRIS can be used as a probe to quantify such instability-induced electron and ion losses occurring in less than 10 µs. The qualitative interpretation of the data is supported by the measurement of the energy spread of the extracted ion beams implying a transient plasma potential >1.5 kV during the instability. A parametric study of the electron losses combined with electron tracking simulations allows for estimating the fraction of electrons expelled in each instability event to be…