Search results for "abondance"

showing 10 items of 12 documents

Gestion territoriale des adventices : effets des propriétés du paysage sur les communautés adventices et sur leur régulation par les carabidae

2015

Landscape-scale management is known to affect pest and biodiversity levels in agroecosystems. Here, we focus on the lanscape drivers of arable weeds, first by reviewing evidence of direct landscape effects on weed species richness and abundance and then by analyzing current knowledge on landscape effects on carabids, which are well-known weed seed predators that contribute to the biological regulation of weeds. Our analysis shows that (i) heterogeneous landscapes usually harbor higher species richness and more diversified communities than simple ones, (ii) total weed and carabid abundances appear seldomly affected by the landscape context of arable fields and (iii) weed seed predation in fi…

[SDE] Environmental Sciencesrichesse spécifiqueabundance[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]abondancegranivorie[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE]Environmental Scienceshétérogénéité[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologygranivoryspecies richnessheterogeneity
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Biovigilance flore adventice le point dans trois bassins de production de colza

2013

EA SPE EcolDur; National audience

[SDE] Environmental Sciences[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]abondancebiovigilanceespècecolzarelevé floristique[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]herbicide[SDE]Environmental Sciences[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologyévolutiondésherbageadventicediversité
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Connaître les sols français pour mieux les gérer

2012

National audience

[SDE] Environmental Sciencesinteraction plante-microorganismesoldénitrification[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]abondancebiodégradation[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]composition microbienne[SDE]Environmental Sciences[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal BiologyComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSpesticidediversité
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Direct seeding mulch-based cropping increases both the activity and the abundance of denitrifier communities in a tropical soil

2009

International audience; This study evaluated the impact of direct seeding mulch-based cropping (DMC), as an alternative to conventional tilling (CT), on a functional community involved in N cycling and emission of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The study was carried out for annual soybean/rice crop rotation in the Highlands of Madagascar. The differences between the two soil management strategies (direct seeding with mulched crop residues versus tillage without incorporation of crop residues) were studied along a fertilization gradient (no fertilizer, organic fertilizer, organic plus mineral fertilizers). The activity and size of the denitrifier community were determined by denitrifica…

Crop residueDenitrificationNOSZ GENENITROUS OXIDEDIRECT SEEDING[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global ChangesSoil ScienceTRAVAIL DU SOLFAUNE DU SOL010501 environmental sciences01 natural sciencesMicrobiologyABONDANCESoil managementAZOTE[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/EcosystemsEVOLUTION DES SOLS SOUS CULTUREPAILLAGESEMI DIRECTComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS0105 earth and related environmental sciences2. Zero hungerTILLAGEENGRAISMICROORGANISMEfood and beveragesSoil classification04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesDENITRIFICATION15. Life on landCrop rotationGENEPRATIQUE CULTURALETillageSoil conditionerGENE ABUNDANCESAgronomyMULCH040103 agronomy & agriculture0401 agriculture forestry and fisheriesEnvironmental scienceRAPPORT CNNIRK GENE16SRDNA GENE[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyMulchRIZ[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Symbiosis
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Impact de la conduite des cultures intermédiaires sur la flore adventice : résultats de l’analyse de 31 essais

2022

Data of 31 field trials were analysed to quantify the impact of cover crops grown during summerfallow on weeds during this period. Results show that weed abundance at the date of cover-cropdestruction greatly varies between experimental locations which differed in terms of pedoclimate,previous crop etc. Cover-crop above-ground biomass did not impact weed plant density. However,weed above-ground biomass decreased with increasing cover-crop biomass. Cover-crop speciesgreatly differed in their ability to reduce weed biomass, according to their own biomass, their speedof soil coverage at early stages and their above-ground plant morphology. Cover crops with highlevels of biomass and rapid soil …

culture intermédiairesoil coverage[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]abundancecouverture du sol weedbiomassabondancebiomassecover cropadventice
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Indicateurs pour l'évaluation de l'impact de produits phytosanitaires sur la composante microbienne de la qualité biologique des sols

2011

National audience

[SDE] Environmental SciencesCYCLE DU SOUFRECYCLE DE L'AZOTENOMBRE DE COPIE DE GENES FONCTIONNELS[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]DEGRADATION DES PESTICIDESBIOINDICATEURSACTIVITES ENZYMATIQUES[SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineeringSTRUCTURE DE COMMUNAUTES MICROBIENNESABONDANCE DE COMMUNAUTES MICROBIENNES[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]POUVOIR DE COLONISATION DE CHAMPIGNONS MA[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering[SDE]Environmental SciencesDIVERSITE BIOCHIMIQUE[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process EngineeringTEST DE GERMINATION DE SPORESComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
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La Grive à Pieds Jaunes, Turdus lherminieri (Turdidés): une espèce méconnue à valeur patrimoniale.

2013

10 pages; National audience; Les départements et régions d’Outre-Mer présentent une biodiversité remarquable et un fort taux d’endémisme,mais cet endémisme a pour conséquence une plus grande fragilité et un plus grand risque d’extinction. Les enjeuxde conservation de la biodiversité sont alors importants et l’élaboration de mesures de gestion se heurte biensouvent à une profonde méconnaissance de la biologie des espèces. Dans ce contexte, la Grive à Pieds Jaunes,oiseau endémique de quatre îles des Petites Antilles (statut vulnérable, UICN) est un modèle de choix dans la miseen place de mesures de gestion et de conservation. Les premiers résultats d’un programme d’étude dédié à cetteespèce o…

[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyGénétique des populationsAbondanceGrive à Pieds JaunesDomaine vital
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Variations spatiales et temporelles des communautés adventices des cultures annuelles en France

2007

Although arable weed species are particularly well adapted to habitats characterised by high levels of disturbance(ploughing, harvest), the degree and rate at which agro-ecosytems have been transformed in the last 50 years in Europe(use of chemicals, changes in crop rotations) has led to profound changes in the composition and diversity of arable weedcommunities. This thesis provides an update on the composition and diversity of weed communities that can be foundacross the main crop types and regions of France. It also addresses two objectives i) applying (community) ecologytheories for the analysis and interpretation of spatial and temporal variations in weed communities and ii) using the …

0106 biological sciences[SDE] Environmental Sciences[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]specialistsspecies turnovercommunauté.CommunityPlant Science01 natural sciencesVALEURS INDICATRICES D'ELLENBERGarable weedCOMMUNAUTEplant functional typespecies richnessBIOVIGILANCE FLOREfield margins[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environmentabundancediversité fonctionnelleGENERALISTESflora shifts04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesfunctional diversityBORD DE CHAMPGROUPE FONCTIONNEL[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environmentGeographyADVENTICESNICHE ECOLOGIQUEfrequency[SDE]Environmental SciencesSPECIALISTESTURNOVERrichesse spécifiquegeneralistsniche écologiqueCHANGEMENT DE FLORE010603 evolutionary biologyEllenberg indicator valuesABONDANCERICHESSE SPECIFIQUEniche breadthfréquencecropping practices changesFREQUENCECHANGEMENT DE TECHNIQUES CULTURALESDIVERSITE FONCTIONNELLEgénéralistes040103 agronomy & agriculture0401 agriculture forestry and fisheriesspécialistesTRAITS BIOLOGIQUES
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Database of diazotrophs in global ocean: abundance, biomass and nitrogen fixation rates

2012

Marine N<sub>2</sub> fixing microorganisms, termed diazotrophs, are a key functional group in marine pelagic ecosystems. The biological fixation of dinitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) to bioavailable nitrogen provides an important new source of nitrogen for pelagic marine ecosystems and influences primary productivity and organic matter export to the deep ocean. As one of a series of efforts to collect biomass and rates specific to different phytoplankton functional groups, we have constructed a database on diazotrophic organisms in the global pelagic upper ocean by compiling about 12 000 direct field measurements of cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances (based on microscopic …

0106 biological sciencesBiogeochemical cyclePHYTOPLANCTON010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesPRODUCTION PRIMAIREFONCTIONNEMENT DE L'ECOSYSTEMEBiologycomputer.software_genre01 natural sciencesDeep seaABONDANCEAbundance (ecology)PhytoplanktonEcosystem14. Life underwaterlcsh:Environmental sciences0105 earth and related environmental scienceslcsh:GE1-350Biomass (ecology)BIOMASSEDatabase010604 marine biology & hydrobiologyFIXATION BIOLOGIQUE DE L'AZOTElcsh:QE1-996.5MICROORGANISMEPelagic zoneBASE DE DONNEESlcsh:GeologyOceanography13. Climate action[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]MILIEU MARINNitrogen fixationGeneral Earth and Planetary Sciencescomputer
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La prise en compte de la stratégie agricole améliore la compréhension de l’effet des pratiques sur les communautés adventices

2019

National audience; Les agriculteurs présents dans une même situation de production peuvent différer dans leurs objectifs et donc leurs pratiques. Afin de tester l’effet d’une pratique particulière (ex. désherbage chimique) sur la communauté adventice, il est donc nécessaire de tenir compte de l’ensemble des autres pratiques, formant une stratégie agricole. Nous avons ainsi développé 14 indicateurs décrivant les pratiques agricoles enquêtées sur la zone de Fénay de 2004 à 2016 auprès des 23 agriculteurs de la zone. L’originalité des indicateurs est qu’ils situent chaque parcelle par rapport aux autres parcelles ayant mis en oeuvre la même culture la même année sur la zone. Ceci nous a permis…

richesse spécifique[SDE] Environmental Sciencesabundance[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]speciesenquêtetravail du sol[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]abondance;herbicide[SDE]Environmental Sciencestillage[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologysurvey[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologyrichness
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