Search results for "absorption."
showing 10 items of 2682 documents
Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: an introduction to the US FDA funded ‘21st Century BA/BE’ …
2018
Over the past decade, formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing has gained increasing attention. Another mindset is pushed forward where scientists in our field are more confident to explore the in vivo behavior of an oral drug product by performing predictive in vitro dissolution studies. Similarly, there is an increasing interest in the application of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) frameworks and high-performance computing platforms to study the local processes underlying absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In that way, CFD and computing platforms both can inform future PBPK-based in silico frameworks and determine the GI-motility-driven hydrodynamic impac…
In vivo methods for drug absorption - comparative physiologies, model selection, correlations with in vitro methods (IVIVC), and applications for for…
2013
This review summarizes the current knowledge on anatomy and physiology of the human gastrointestinal tract in comparison with that of common laboratory animals (dog, pig, rat and mouse) with emphasis on in vivo methods for testing and prediction of oral dosage form performance. A wide range of factors and methods are considered in addition, such as imaging methods, perfusion models, models for predicting segmental/regional absorption, in vitro in vivo correlations as well as models to investigate the effects of excipients and the role of food on drug absorption. One goal of the authors was to clearly identify the gaps in today's knowledge in order to stimulate further work on refining the e…
IMI – Oral biopharmaceutics tools project – Evaluation of bottom-up PBPK prediction success part 2: An introduction to the simulation exercise and ov…
2016
Orally administered drugs are subject to a number of barriers impacting bioavailability (Foral), causing challenges during drug and formulation development. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling can help during drug and formulation development by providing quantitative predictions through a systems approach. The performance of three available PBPK software packages (GI-Sim, Simcyp®, and GastroPlus™) were evaluated by comparing simulated and observed pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters.Since the availability of input parameters was heterogeneous and highly variable, caution is required when interpreting the results of this exercise. Additionally, this prospective simulation exer…
Oral biopharmaceutics tools – Time for a new initiative – An introduction to the IMI project OrBiTo
2013
OrBiTo is a new European project within the IMI programme in the area of oral biopharmaceutics tools that includes world leading scientists from nine European universities, one regulatory agency, one non-profit research organization, four SMEs together with scientists from twelve pharmaceutical companies. The OrBiTo project will address key gaps in our knowledge of gastrointestinal (GI) drug absorption and deliver a framework for rational application of predictive biopharmaceutics tools for oral drug delivery. This will be achieved through novel prospective investigations to define new methodologies as well as refinement of existing tools. Extensive validation of novel and existing biopharm…
IMI – Oral biopharmaceutics tools project – Evaluation of bottom-up PBPK prediction success part 3: Identifying gaps in system parameters by analysin…
2016
Three Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic software packages (GI-Sim, Simcyp® Simulator, and GastroPlus™) were evaluated as part of the Innovative Medicine Initiative Oral Biopharmaceutics Tools project (OrBiTo) during a blinded “bottom-up” anticipation of human pharmacokinetics. After data analysis of the predicted vs. measured pharmacokinetics parameters, it was found that oral bioavailability (Foral) was underpredicted for compounds with low permeability, suggesting improper estimates of intestinal surface area, colonic absorption and/or lack of intestinal transporter information. Foral was also underpredicted for acidic compounds, suggesting overestimation of impact of ionisation on pe…
Nanoencapsulation in Lipid-Core Nanocapsules Controls Mometasone Furoate Skin Permeability Rate and Its Penetration to the Deeper Skin Layers
2013
<b><i>Aims:</i></b> The influence of nanoencapsulation of mometasone furoate (MF) in poly(ε-caprolactone) lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) on its in vitro human skin permeation and penetration was evaluated. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Semisolid formulations were prepared by increasing the viscosity of LNC using a carbomer (Carbopol® Ultrez at 0.5% w/v). Two complementary techniques (the static Franz diffusion cell model and the Saarbrücken penetration model) were used to evaluate skin permeation/penetration. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The drug release rate was decreased by nanoencapsulation. The skin permeability of MF was control…
Lipid-lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel
2017
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the possible use of nutraceuticals to improve and optimize dyslipidemia control and therapy. Based on the data from available studies, nutraceuticals might help patients obtain theraputic lipid goals and reduce cardiovascular residual risk. Some nutraceuticals have essential lipid-lowering properties confirmed in studies; some might also have possible positive effects on nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors and have been shown to improve early markers of vascular health such as endothelial function and pulse wave velocity. However, the clinical evidence supporting the use of a single lipid-lowering nutraceutical or a combination of them is…
Bis(stilbenyl)squaraines — Novel pigments with extended conjugation
1996
Abstract We report on the synthesis of a novel type of squaraines ( 11a-f, 17c ) in which the conjugation of the chromophore is extended by stilbene units. These pigments exhibit absorption bands which have their maxima at the end on the Vis region and reach partly into the NIR.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(stilbenyl)squaraines. Novel Pigments with Extended Conjugation.
2010
Abstract We report on the synthesis of a novel type of squaraines ( 11a-f, 17c ) in which the conjugation of the chromophore is extended by stilbene units. These pigments exhibit absorption bands which have their maxima at the end on the Vis region and reach partly into the NIR.