Search results for "absorption."
showing 10 items of 2682 documents
Clinical case and short review of extreme short bowel syndrome: an update 21 years after
2016
Short bowel syndrome refers to the malabsorptive state caused by loss of significant portions of the small intestine, whose clinical framework is characterized by malnutrition, diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, and low-weight-related symptoms/signs. These clinical conditions seem to be related to the length of resection. Twenty-one years ago we reported the clinical case of an infant, who underwent a massive resection of the loops of the small intestine, of the cecum and of part of the ascending colon, due to intestinal malrotation with volvulus. The residual small intestine measured just 11 cm and consisted of the duodenum and a small part of jejunum, in the absence of the ileocecal valv…
High Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption Is Associated With Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Alleles in ABCG8 and ABO
2013
Objectives This study sought to determine whether high intestinal cholesterol absorption represents a cardiovascular risk factor and to link ABCG8 and ABO variants to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Background Plant sterol–enriched functional foods are widely used for cholesterol lowering. Their regular intake yields a 2-fold increase in circulating plant sterol levels that equally represent markers of cholesterol absorption. Variants in ABCG8 and ABO have been associated with circulating plant sterol levels and CVD, thereby suggesting atherogenic effects of plant sterols or of cholesterol uptake. Methods The cholestanol-to-cholesterol ratio (CR) was used as an estimate of cholesterol absorpt…
The effect of ezetimibe on NAFLD
2015
NAFLD has become the most common liver disorder in countries, where obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome are common. The strong association between these conditions and the risk of cardiovascular disease make treatment crucial. Possible interventions for NAFLD target excess body weight, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress or intestinal lipid absorption. Administration of combination therapy with a statin plus ezetimibe, associated with lifestyle changes, may represent an effective strategy because of the strong reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Combination therapy is often more effective, especially when complementary …
An Update on the Role of the Quality of LDL in Cardiovascular Risk:The Contribution of the Universities of Palermo and Zurich
2007
Low density lipoproteins (LDL) size seems to be an important predictor of cardiovascular events and progression of coronary artery disease and the predominance of small dense LDL have been accepted as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. We recently showed increased LDL size or higher levels of small, dense LDL in different categories of patients at higher cardiovascular risk, such as those with coronary (including acute myocardial infarction) and non-coronary (including carotid disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm and peripheral arterial disease) forms of atherosclerosis or metabolic diseases (including type-II diabet…
Who needs to care about small, dense low-density lipoproteins?
2007
Summary Background: Increasing evidence suggest that the ‘quality’ rather than only the ‘quantity’ of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) exerts a great influence on the cardiovascular risk. Small, dense LDL seem to be an important predictor of cardiovascular events and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and their predominance has been accepted as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Discussion: Some studies showed in past years that small, dense LDL are usually elevated in patients at very high cardiovascular risk, such as those with CAD and type 2 diabetes. More recently elevated levels of these particles hav…
Absorption of protein in the early postoperative period in chronic conscious dogs.
1988
Postoperative alterations in amino acid exchange across the intestinal tract and in the capacity for protein absorption were investigated in a chronic canine model. Changes in postoperative splanchnic amino acid exchange consisted of a temporary decrease of total splanchnic amino acid release, including a significant reduction in alanine production, and an increase in glutamine consumption. Contrary to results under stable metabolic conditions, branched chain amino acids were also taken up by the intestine in the early postoperative period. The changes in postoperative amino acid exchange were not, however, reflected by a corresponding alteration in protein transport capacity. The absorptiv…
Follow-up after urinary diversion.
1999
With modern forms of urinary diversion being widely employed during recent years, the awareness of possible complications and appropriate follow-up strategies gains rising importance and current follow-up strategies are reviewed herewith. Follow-up investigations after urinary diversion have to address possible surgical complications, metabolic changes as well as the risk of secondary malignancies in the incorporated bowel segments. The most important and possible deleterious surgical complication is upper tract dilation and obstruction following ureteroenteric anastomotic stenosis and occurs in 2–30% depending on the surgical technique and evaluated series. The most appropriate follow-up s…
Adriamycin Permeability of the Rat Bladder under Different Conditions
1983
Abstract Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 1.4 or 2.4 mg. adriamycin intravesically. Radioimmunological measurement of serum concentrations were performed up to 3 hours post-instillation in normal bladder mucosa, cystitis, and after electrocoagulation, under different filling conditions, as well as with the use of a detergent (Tween 80). The serum concentrations achieved were markedly higher after electrocoagulation or cystitis; altogether they reached only 1/6,000 of the instilled concentration. These studies on the rat bladder suggest that perioperative instillation of adriamycin to prevent recurrence is not contraindicated shortly before or after transurethral resection …
The fate of implant after endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid in vesicoureteral reflux: time to partial reabsorption and stabilization
2020
Summary Background/introduction Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) potentially leads to renal damage, scarring, and eventually end-stage renal disease. Endoscopic treatment is well tolerated in children, it has reduced costs, and it effectively prevents urinary tract infections (UTIs), while avoiding long term antibiotics use. Objective With the aim to investigate the time needed to reach the stabilization of the dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dx/HA) implants and to identify cut-off heights to ensure the success of the procedure, the authors analyzed ultrasonographic (US) intra-operative appearance of the mounds following endoscopic treatment for VUR and repeated the measurements during serial posto…