Search results for "accidental fall"
showing 10 items of 102 documents
Impact loading history modulates hip fracture load and location : A finite element simulation study of the proximal femur in female athletes
2018
Sideways falls impose high stress on the thin superolateral cortical bone of the femoral neck, the region regarded as a fracture-prone region of the hip. Exercise training is a natural mode of mechanical loading to make bone more robust. Exercise-induced adaptation of cortical bone along the femoral neck has been previously demonstrated. However, it is unknown whether this adaption modulates hip fracture behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of specific exercise loading history on fall-induced hip fracture behavior by estimating fracture load and location with proximal femur finite element (FE) models created from magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 111 women w…
Excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with an increased frequency of falls and sarcopenia.
2021
Background:\ud \ud This cross-sectional study aimed to examine associations between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) with falls and falls related conditions in older adults.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud To assess EDS, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used, with a score of ≥11/24 points indicating EDS. Number of falls and fall history (at least one) in the last year were recorded. Timed Up and Go test (TUG) was used to assess fall risk. Sarcopenia was defined by SARC-F tool. A grip strength score of the dominant hand, measured with a hand-grip dynamometer, less than 16 kg in females and 27 kg in males was accepted as dynapenia. Frailty status was defined by five dimensions including shrinking, e…
Delirium Predisposing and Triggering Factors in Nursing Home Residents: A Cohort Trial-Nested Case-Control Study.
2019
Background Delirium is a common geriatric syndrome, with a prevalence of between 15-70% among older long-term care residents. It is associated with adverse outcomes, and its onset may prove imperceptible to health professionals. Few studies in institutionalized older people have analyzed the predictors of delirium. Objective The aim of the present study was to identify delirium predisposing and triggering factors, and develop a predictive model. Methods A cohort trial-nested case-control study covering a period of 12 consecutive months (April 2015 - March 2016) was carried out. Predisposing and triggering episodes of delirium were recorded. Results A total of 443 older persons were recruite…
Effects of gait speed on stability of walking revealed by simulated response to tripping perturbation
2013
The objective of this work was to study stability of walking over a range of gait speeds by means of muscle-driven simulations. Fast walking has previously been related to high likelihood of falling due to tripping. Various measures of stability have shown different relationships between walking speed and stability. These measures may not be associated with tripping, so it is unclear whether the increase in likelihood of falling is explicable by an increase in instability. Here, stability with respect to a constant tripping perturbation was quantified as the immediate passive response of torso to the perturbation. Subject-specific muscle-driven simulations of eight young healthy subjects wa…
Entropy of balance--some recent results.
2010
Abstract Background Entropy when applied to biological signals is expected to reflect the state of the biological system. However the physiological interpretation of the entropy is not always straightforward. When should high entropy be interpreted as a healthy sign, and when as marker of deteriorating health? We address this question for the particular case of human standing balance and the Center of Pressure data. Methods We have measured and analyzed balance data of 136 participants (young, n = 45; elderly, n = 91) comprising in all 1085 trials, and calculated the Sample Entropy (SampEn) for medio-lateral (M/L) and anterior-posterior (A/P) Center of Pressure (COP) together with the Hurst…
Glucose control in the older patient: from intensive, to effective and safe.
2009
Older adults represent an extensive proportion of Type 2 diabetic patients. Managing diabetes in this population is challenging, because complex comorbidity and disability often mean that guidelines are not suitable on an individual basis. Recent evidence has raised animated discussion of the possibility that intensive glucose control may cause more harm than benefit, especially in older adults. The benefit of glycemic control on microvascular diabetic complications has been consistently demonstrated, but the evidence of benefit on macrovascular disease is not uniform in all studies. Glycemic control appears to prevent the development of cardiovascular events, but is less helpful in seconda…
Clinical Predictors for Poor Quality of Life in Patients With Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy.
2018
Background Current EASL/AASLD guidelines recommend treatment of covert hepatic encephalopathy (HE) only in symptomatic patients, for example, in those with impaired quality of life or with affected driving abilities. Goals Because testing for impaired quality of life is time consuming, the aim of the present study was to identify simple clinical predictors for poor quality of life in patients with covert HE (CHE). Study In total, 139 cirrhotic in- and outpatients without a history of overt hepatic encephalopathy were enrolled. Diagnosis of HE grade 1 (HE1) was diagnosed clinically according to the West-Haven Criteria. Critical flicker frequency and the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Sc…
Effects of a vestibular physiotherapy protocol on adults with intellectual disability in the prevention of falls: A multi-centre clinical trial
2018
Background Balance alterations are one of the main problems in people with intellectual disabilities (ID), increasing their risk of falls and impacting their life. Aims To describe a vestibular rehabilitation programme (VRP) and evaluate its effects on the ability to maintain balance and risk of suffering a fall. Methods Forty-seven adults with mild to moderate ID were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (CG, N = 24), which performed a general physical exercise only, and an experimental group (EG, N = 23) which also completed a VRP. The variables, used pre- and post-training and 1 month after the intervention, were as follows: Center of Pressure Displacement, Berg Scale, Timed …
Concomitant dental injuries in maxillofacial fractures - a retrospective analysis of 1219 patients
2014
BACKGROUND/AIM: Traumatic dental injuries are frequently combined with maxillofacial fractures, but literature addressing this topic is rare. In a retrospective study, the frequency of dental lesions in inpatients with traumatic facial injuries was analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz for inpatient treatment due to facial fractures between January 2001 and December 2007 were analyzed regarding the type of fracture, its localization, and potential concomitant dental injuries. In addition a systematic review was performed to compare the findings of t…
Lower limb muscle weakness predicts use of a multiple- versus single-step strategy to recover from forward loss of balance in older adults.
2012
BACKGROUND: Older adults compared with young adults have reduced strength and balance recovery ability. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether age, sex, and/or lower limb strength predicted the stepping strategy used to recover from a forward loss of balance. METHODS: Ninety-five, community-dwelling, older adults, aged 65-90 years, participated in the study. Loss of balance was induced by releasing participants from a static forward lean. Participants performed four trials at three initial lean magnitudes and were subsequently classified as using a single- or multiple-step strategy. Isometric strength of the ankle, knee, and hip joint flexors and extensors was assessed …