Search results for "acids"
showing 10 items of 3520 documents
Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and birth outcomes in a Spanish birth cohort
2017
BACKGROUND: Prenatal perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) exposure has been associated with reduced birth weight but maternal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) may attenuate this association. Further, this association remains unclear for other perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA). We estimated associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and birth outcomes, and the influence of GFR, in a Spanish birth cohort. METHODS: We measured PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA in 1st-trimester maternal plasma (years: 2003-2008) in 1202 mother-child pairs. Continuous birth outcomes included standardized weight, length, he…
A discoidal lipoprotein from the coelomic fluid of the polychaete Nereis virens.
2005
A discoidal lipoprotein was isolated from the coelomic fluid of the polychaete, Nereis virens, by density gradient centrifugation. The lipoprotein was present in both sexes and moved as a uniform band in an agarose gel. The average diameter of the lipoprotein particles determined by electron microscopy was 42 nm with a thickness of 10 nm. SDS electrophoresis showed two apoprotein subunits with molecular masses of 247 and 85 kDa, respectively. In lectin blots, both apoproteins were reactive with Concanavalin A indicating the presence of N-glycans. The small subunit was also reactive with peanut lectin, indicating additional O-glycosylation. The total lipid content was 48% and consisted mainl…
Investigation of the vascular and pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin and pioglitazone in a population at high cardiovascular risk.
2008
We investigated the effect of atorvastatin monotherapy and combined treatment with atorvastatin and pioglitazone on intima-media thickness, vascular function and the cardiovascular risk profile. In all, 148 patients (76 male, 72 female; aged 61.4±6.5 years; body mass index [BMI] 29.2±4.1 kg/m2; mean±SD) with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk factors were randomised. Intima-media thickness (IMT), the augmentation index (Aix@75), the microvascular response to acetylcholine (LDF), lipid status, and plasma levels of intact proinsulin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), sCD40L, P-selectin, tissue plasminogen activator …
Higher Free Fatty Acid Uptake in Visceral Than in Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Tissue in Men
2010
Visceral adipose tissue has been shown to have high lipolytic activity. The aim of this study was to examine whether free fatty acid (FFA) uptake into visceral adipose tissue is enhanced compared to abdominal subcutaneous tissue in vivo. Abdominal adipose tissue FFA uptake was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and [F-18]-labeled 6-thia-hepta-decanoic acid ([F-18]FTHA) and fat masses using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 18 healthy young adult males. We found that FFA uptake was 30% higher in visceral compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (0.0025 +/- 0.0018 vs. 0.0020 +/- 0.0016 mu mol/g/min, P = 0.005). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue FFA uptakes were strongly…
Evaluation of remnant cholesterol levels and Monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio in South Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome.
2021
Abstract Background and aims In the present study, we aimed to compare the clinical and coronary angiography features between South Asian and Caucasian patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). In particular, we focused our analysis on the evaluation of recent cardiovascular risk markers, such as remnant cholesterol, corresponding to all plasma cholesterol minus HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and the Monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio. We also compared values of several lipoprotein ratios and the Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, accurate predictors of coronary events and coronary artery disease. Methods and results We recruited 4…
Prenatal perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and neuropsychological development throughout childhood: The INMA Project.
2021
Abstract Background Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been related to neurodevelopmental toxicity in animals. However, human studies are inconclusive. Objectives To evaluate the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and neuropsychological development during childhood. Methods 1240 mother–child pairs from the Spanish INMA Project were analyzed. Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were measured in first-trimester maternal plasma. Neuropsychological development was assessed at 14 months, 4–5 and 7 years covering four domains: general cognitive, general motor, attention, and working me…
Visualization of a covalent intermediate between microsomal epoxide hydrolase, but not cholesterol epoxide hydrolase, and their substrates
1997
Mammalian soluble and microsomal epoxide hydrolases have been proposed to belong to the family of alpha/beta-hydrolase-fold enzymes. These enzymes hydrolyse their substrates by a catalytic triad, with the first step of the enzymatic reaction being the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate ester. In the present paper, we describe the direct visualization of the ester formation between rat microsomal epoxide hydrolase and its substrate. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase was precipitated with acetone after brief incubation with [1-(14)C]epoxystearic acid. After denaturing SDS gel electrophoresis the protein-bound radioactivity was detected by fluorography. Pure epoxide hydrolase and crude micros…
Erucic acid metabolism in rat liver. A combined biochemical and radioautographical study.
1992
Metabolism of erucic acid was studied in rat liver in comparison with oleic acid in relation with diet lipids. Rats were fed for 3 or 60 days a balanced diet containing 30% of the calories of either rapeseed oil rich in erucic acid or sunflower seed oil rich in linoleic acid. They were intravenously injected with tritiated erucic or oleic acid. After 1 or 15 min, the radioactivity recovered in liver lipids was 9 to 26% whatever the diet or the acid injected. One minute after injection of erucic acid a high part of radioactivity was recovered in the free fatty acid fraction and as untransformed erucic acid. After 15 min the major part of radioactivity was recovered in the triacylglycerol fra…
Polymorphisms in endothelin system genes, arsenic levels and obesity risk.
2015
Background/objectivesObesity has been linked to morbidity and mortality through increased risk for many chronic diseases. Endothelin (EDN) system has been related to endothelial function but it can be involved in lipid metabolism regulation: Receptor type A (EDNRA) activates lipolysis in adipocytes, the two endothelin receptors mediate arsenic-stimulated adipocyte dysfunction, and endothelin system can regulate adiposity by modulating adiponectin activity in different situations and, therefore, influence obesity development. The aim of the present study was to analyze if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EDN system could be associated with human obesity.Subjects/methodsWe analyz…
Cordycepin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro.
2011
Cordycepin, (3'-deoxyadenosine), a bioactive compound of Cordyceps militaris, has been shown to exhibit many pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anticancer activities. Little is known about the neuroprotective action of cordycepin as well as its molecular mechanisms. In this study, cordycepin was investigated for its neuroprotective potential in mice with ischemia following 15 min of the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and 4h of reperfusion. The effect of cordycepin was also studied in mice brain slices treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Our results showed that cordycepin was able to prevent postischemic neuronal degeneration an…