Search results for "acids"
showing 10 items of 3520 documents
Effect of growing area on tocopherols, carotenoids and fatty acid composition ofPistacia lentiscusedible oil
2014
International audience; In this investigation, we aim to study, for the first time, the effect of the growing area on tocopherols, carotenoids and fatty acid content of Pistacia lentiscus fixed oil. Fruits were harvested from eight different sites located in the north and the centre of Tunisia. Tocopherols, carotenoids and fatty acid content of the fixed oils were determined. The highest carotenoid content was exhibited by Feija oil (10.57 mg/kg of oil). Oueslatia and Tabarka oils displayed the highest alpha-tocopherol content (96.79 and 92.79 mg/kg of oil, respectively). Three major fatty acids were determined: oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids. Oleic acid was the main fatty acid presenti…
Cellular metabolic alteration : the voice of monoinsaturated fatty acid as therapeutic target
2010
Stearoyl Co-A desaturase (SCD) is the key enzyme of the metabolism of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Its activity 9 desaturase introduces a double bond cis in position 9 of saturated fatty acids (SFA), induced formation of MUFA. Impaired biosynthesis of MUFA is involved in many diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Cancer cells have a de novo synthesis of fatty acids increased with an accumulation MUFA. This change in the metabolism of fatty acids is associated with overexpression SCD1 which catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fat. Several reports have shown that inhibition of SCD1 leads to blockage of proliferation and induction of apopt…
Réponses comportementales et préférences envers les acides gras à longue chaîne chez Drosophila melanogaster
2011
Fatty-acids (FAs) are crucial for animal survival and reproduction since these molecules are involved in many metabolic pathways and constitute a substantial store of energy. Despite the strong relationship established between excessive FA consumption and severe human etiologies (obesity, cancer, vascular diseases), our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying FA perception and preference is limited particularly in invertebrates. This is one of the reasons why we decided to investigate, during our PhD thesis, the perception of long-chain FAs (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3), using the model species Drosophila melanogaster. We have also attempted to characterize some of the biologica…
Postprandial adaptation of intestinal lipid metabolism : role of CD36 and PPAR beta
2011
Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. The small intestine participates in the postprandial triglyceridemia since both the size and number of secreted chylomicrons modulate lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL). Chylomicron synthesis is a complex mechanism in which the lipidation of Apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) by the Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP) and the transfer between reticulum and Golgi in which the Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L -FABP) is involved are limiting steps. An intestinal fat-mediated adaptation in postprandial period has been demonstra…
Influence of phytosterols on the structural and dynamic properties of plant plasma membrane
2008
National audience; The complex mixture of sterols, namely phytosterols, found in the plasma membrane (PM) of plant cells is an intriguing characteristic. In the present work, we characterized the sterol composition of tobacco BY-2 cell PM, and we adapted a sterol manipulation method to this plant material. Methyl-b-cyclodextrin was found to induce a drastic reduction of the PM total free sterol content, with a low specificity for the different phytosterols, and without effect on steryl-conjugates. The consequences of phytosterols depletion were investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and biochemical detergent resistant membrane (DRM) fraction purification methods. Data obtained w…
Amino acids for parasitic weed management
2017
Prod 2017-322 SPE GESTAD INRA; International audience
Lipid composition of lacrimal glands in rats: comparison with human lacrimal glands and possible nutritional modulation
2007
International audience; Purpose:: Prostaglandins (PGs) have been found in tears of patients with ocular surface disorders, and are powerful markers of inflammation. The lacrimal gland has been reported to synthesize PGs. Polyunsaturated fatty acids esterified in phospholipids are the precursors of pro- and anti-inflammatory PGs. The aim of this study was to compare the phospholipid content of the lacrimal gland in human and in different rat species. Moreover the changes in fatty acids of the lacrimal glands of Lewis rats were studied after a nutritional intervention. Methods:: Lacrimal glands were excised from Wistar, Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats (3 month-old) and from Humans 3 to 36 hours…
Ether-lipid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in erythrocytes of patients with glaucoma
2008
International audience; Purpose: : Neuronal tissues such as the brain and the retina are known to contain elevated amounts of phospholipids with a vinyl-ether double bond (ether-lipids or plasmalogens) as well as high concentrations of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid or DHA). Abnormal blood levels of ether-lipids and DHA have been associated with several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer Disease. Since many observations bring up the idea of pathogenetic similarities between Alzheimer Disease and glaucoma, the aim of our work was to check whether ether-lipid and DHA levels were modified in glaucoma patients. Methods: : Blood samples were collected …
Role of vacuolar sulfate in nutritional quality of pea seeds
2022
Grain legumes have a key role to play in both agroecological and food transitions. Indeed, these plants are able to accumulate large amounts of proteins in their seeds even in the absence of nitrogen fertilization thanks to symbiotic N2 fixation in the root nodules. However, legumes are exposed to abiotic stresses, including nutrient deficiencies, making it important to optimize nutrient use efficiency for maintaining seed protein content and quality. Seed protein quality refers to the ability of the seed proteins to meet the body’s requirements for essential amino acids. It strongly depends on the amino acid balance, which determines protein digestibility. In pea (Pisum sativum) seeds, met…
Role of vacuolar sulfate in the nutritional quality of pea seeds
2022
Legumes have a key role to play in both agroecological and food transitions due to their ability to accumulate large amountsof seed proteins without nitrogen fertilization thanks to symbiotic N2 fixation in the root nodules. However, in agroecologicalsystems, legumes are more exposed to nutrient deficiencies, including sulfur deficiency, than in conventional systems, makingit important to optimize nutrient use efficiency for maintain seed protein quality, in particular the level of (semi) essentialamino acids like methionine and cysteine. These sulfur-containing amino acids are synthetized through the sulfur metabolicpathway starting from sulfate reduction. Sulfate is taken up from the soil…