Search results for "acids"
showing 10 items of 3520 documents
Bempedoic acid as adjunct for traditional lipid-lowering therapy in patients with hyperlipidaemia
2020
Statin therapy has been the cornerstone for the reduction of cholesterol and circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, statin monotherapy has disadvantages attributable to myopathies and to the insufficient cholesterol reduction observed in some patients. There is a need for new well-tolerated therapies for lowering LDL. This review will focus on bempedoic acid in combination with traditional statin therapy or other lipid-lowering agents and its emerging role in LDL-C lowering. Bempedoic acid is also a viable alternative for reducing LDL cholesterol in the treatment of some patients suffering from heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Ultrasound accelerated esterification of bile acids
2004
In this study power ultrasound accelerated esterification reactions of some model substances and bile acids were done. In the model reactions the best result was 19-fold increase in the reaction rate when using ultrasound and the temperature was allowed to rise during the irradiation. In the case of bile acid methyl esters a clear increase in the reaction rates was also observed by ultrasonic irradiations.
Algae and their extracts in medical treatment
2018
Scientific efforts undertaken in recent decades have undoubtedly proven that algae are an inestimable and, what is more, important renewable source of hundreds of chemical compounds characterized by a wide spectrum of biological activity. Polysaccharides, phenolic compounds and their derivatives, pigments, proteins, lipids, and fatty acids are the substances that can be isolated from seaweeds, possessing antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antilipidemic, antitumor, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and antiallergic properties, which can be successfully utilized for human needs. The majority of attention has been focused on marine polysaccharides and their application in medicine a…
Citrate lyases of lactic acid bacteria
1998
Citrate Iyase is a key enzyme of the citrate metabolism which is involved in flavor and texture of many fermented milk products. Citrate Iyase which catalyses the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetate is a multienzyme complex composed of three proteins: an acyl carrier protein (ACP); a citrate, acetate-ACP transferase; and a citryl-S-ACP Iyase. The citrate Iyase is active only when the thioester residue of the prosthetic group bound to ACP is acetylated. In the presence of citrate, the transferase mediates the formation of citryl-S-acyl carrier protein by acyl exchange and liberation of acetate. Then the Iyase subunit cleaves the citryl-S-ACP with libe- ration of oxaloacetate an…
A Multisite Molecular Mechanism for Baeyer-Villiger Oxidations on Solid Catalysts Using Environmentally Friendly H2O2 as Oxidant
2005
The molecular mechanism of the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by the Sn-beta zeolite has been investigated by combining molecular mechanics, quantum-chemical calculations, spectroscopic, and kinetic techniques. A theoretical study of the location of Sn in zeolite beta was performed by using atomistic force-field techniques to simulate the local environment of the active site. An interatomic potential for Sn/Si zeolites, which allows the simulation of zeolites containing Sn in a tetrahedral environment, has been developed by fitting it to the experimental properties of quartz and SnO 2 (rutile). The tin active site has been modeled by means of a S…
PHB-based films as matrices for pesticides
2002
Abstract The effects of pesticides incorporated into PHB-based polymeric matrices on the biodegradability of films and antifungal efficiency of immobilised pesticides to Botrytis cinerea was studied. The mass loss of tested PHB-based films for 2 weeks was 40–50% and after 4 weeks 92–96% of the initial mass. The fungicides Ronilan and Sumilex immobilised into the polymeric matrices did not depress the film degradation rate. PHB-based films caused changes in the soil microorganism association. Fungicides immobilised in PHB-based matrices decreased the count of the phytopathogenic fungus B. cinerea.
Mechanism of lipid-body formation in prokaryotes: how bacteria fatten up
2004
Neutral lipid accumulation is frequently observed in some Gram-negative prokaryotes like Acinetobacter sp. and most actinomycetes, including the pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis and antibiotic producing streptomycetes. We examined the formation of wax ester- and triacylglycerol (TAG)-bodies in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Rhodococcus opacus using microscopic, immunological and biophysical methods. A general model for prokaryotic lipid-body formation is proposed, clearly differing from the current models for the formation of lipid inclusions in eukaryotes and of poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) (PHA) inclusions in prokaryotes. Formation of lipid-bodies starts with the docking of wax ester …
Lipid accumulation inTrichodermaspecies
1992
Two filamentous fungi, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride, were compared for their ability to synthesize lipids on different carbon and nitrogen sources. Three culture media were selected for each strain after preliminary screening. All the test media were nitrogen-deficient (C/N = 60) so as to stimulate lipid accumulation. For both microorganisms the glucose-ammonium sulphate medium was the most conducive to lipid production: a lipid accumulation of 17% (w/w) of biomass dry weight was obtained for T. harzianum and of 32% (w/w) of biomass dry weight for T. viride. In sucrose-sodium nitrate medium T. harzianum was able to accumulate almost 25% (w/w) of its biomass in lipid form. Ho…
Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis: The Alternative Hypothesis
1998
The concept that oxidation is the major single event underlying the transformation of LDL to a proinflammatory molecule dominates the world literature. An alternative hypothesis on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis will be presented here. We have found that nonoxidative, enzymatic modification of LDL with ubiquitous enzymes also transforms the molecule to an atherogenic moiety. Enzymatically altered LDL (E-LDL) shares major properties in common with lipoproteins that have been isolated from atherosclerotic lesions. It activates complement and is recognized by a scavenger receptor on human macrophages, thus inducing foam cell formation. Uptake of E-LDL is accompanied by induction of MCP−1 …
The effects of combined diamond microdermabrasion and a mixture of cosmetic acids on the condition of acne prone skin: a case report
2021
Background: Exfoliating treatments are widely used in cosmetology and dermatology forthe treatment of skin lesions and, above all, toreduce the number of skin eruptions that occur with acne vulgaris. An effective treatment that can be offered to people suffering from this disease is diamond microdermabrasion. The addition of acid peeling to this treatment may lead to even better results than in the case of monotherapy. Aim of the study: To assess the effectiveness of a combination of microdermabrasion and acid peeling on a 21-year-old woman suffering from acne vulgaris. Case report: The patient suffered from acne vulgaris, too high a level of sebum on the entire surface of the face, and, ov…