Search results for "acids"
showing 10 items of 3520 documents
Longitudinal associations of physical activity and sedentary time with cardiometabolic risk factors in children
2019
Background: There are few prospective studies on the associations of changes in objectively measured vigorous physical activity (VPA∆), moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA∆), light physical activity (LPA∆), and sedentary time (ST∆) with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors (∆) in children. We therefore investigated these relationships among children. Methods: The participants were a population sample of 258 children aged 6‐8 years followed for 2 years. We assessed PA and ST by a combined heart rate and movement sensor; computed continuous age‐ and sex‐adjusted z‐scores for waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprot…
The Effect of Plant Water Status on the Chemical Composition of Pistachio Nuts (Pistacia vera L. Cultivar Bianca)
2020
Pistachio nuts are worldwide appreciated for their chemical and organoleptic profiles. There are several studies on the influence of irrigation on pistachio productivity, whereas there are little available data on the influence on nut quality. In this study we characterized some qualitative traits of pistachio nuts cultivar Bianca in Mediterranean environment and how plant water status affected them. Water status had a positive and significant influence on the chlorophylls content, nuts from less stressed trees showed higher values of chlorophyll a (14.7 mg/100 g) and b (21.1 mg/100 g) compared than more stressed trees (9.3 and 11.5 mg/100 g for a and b, respectively). Solid phase microextr…
All-trans to 11-cis retinol isomerization in nuclear membrane fraction from bovine retinal pigment epithelium
1991
Abstract Isomerization of all-trans to 11-cis retinol has been studied in a membrane preparation from the nuclear fraction of bovine retinal pigment epithelium. When the nuclear membrane preparation deprived of endogenous retinoids is incubated with 4·5 μ m all-trans-retinol, the mean value calculated for the isomerase activity is 1·32 nmol 11-cis retinol formed hr−1 mg protein−1. Simultaneous formation of all-trans and 11-cis retinyl esters is also observed in the nuclear preparation. When assayed under the same experimental condition, RPE 150 000 g post-nuclear sediment shows about 70% of the isomerase activity found in the nuclear membrane fraction. Treatment of the nuclear membrane frac…
Determination of fatty acids and lipid classes in salmon oil by near infrared spectroscopy
2017
International audience; Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was evaluated as a rapid method for the determination of oleic, palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids as well as omega-3, omega-6, and to predict polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, together with triacylglycerides, diglycerides, free fatty acids and ergosterol in salmon oil. To do it, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models were applied to correlate NIR spectra with aforementioned fatty acids and lipid classes. Results obtained were validated in front of reference procedures based on high performance thin layer and gas chromatography. PLS-NIR has a good predictive capability with relative root mean squar…
Temperature, phosphorus and species composition will all influence phytoplankton production and content of polyunsaturated fatty acids
2023
Temperature increases driven by climate change are expected to decrease the availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lakes worldwide. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the joint effects of lake trophic status, nutrient dynamics and warming on the availability of these biomolecules is lacking. Here, we conducted a laboratory experiment to study how warming (18–23°C) interacts with phosphorus (0.65–2.58 μM) to affect phytoplankton growth and their production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. We included 10 species belonging to the groups diatoms, golden algae, cyanobacteria, green algae, cryptophytes and dinoflagellates. Our results show that both temperature and phosphorus w…
Limited Stress Response to Transplantation in the Mediterranean Macroalga Ericaria amentacea, a Key Species for Marine Forest Restoration
2022
In the Mediterranean Sea, brown macroalgae represent the dominant species in intertidal and subtidal habitats. Despite conservation efforts, these canopy-forming species showed a dramatic decline, highlighting the urge for active intervention to regenerate self-sustaining populations. For this reason, the restoration of macroalgae forests through transplantation has been recognized as a promising approach. However, the potential stress caused by the handling of thalli has never been assessed. Here, we used a manipulative approach to assess the transplant-induced stress in the Mediterranean Ericaria amentacea, through the analysis of biochemical proxies, i.e., phenolic compounds, lipids, and…
Associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition among children
2020
Objective: To investigate the cross-sectional associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition in mid-childhood. Design: Dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes were assessed using 4-d food records, and cognition was evaluated using the Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) score. The cross-sectional associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition were investigated using linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body fat percentage, household income, parental education and daily energy intake. Setting: The baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. Participants: A population-based sa…
Simulated eutrophication and browning alters zooplankton nutritional quality and determines juvenile fish growth and survival
2018
Source at https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3832. The first few months of life is the most vulnerable period for fish and their optimal hatching time with zooplankton prey is favored by natural selection. Traditionally, however, prey abundance (i.e., zooplankton density) has been considered important, whereas prey nutritional composition has been largely neglected in natural settings. High‐quality zooplankton, rich in both essential amino acids (EAAs) and fatty acids (FAs), are required as starting prey to initiate development and fast juvenile growth. Prey quality is dependent on environmental conditions, and, for example, eutrophication and browning are two major factors defining primary produ…
Conformational investigation of α,β‐dehydropeptides. XV: N‐acetyl‐α,β‐dehydroamino acid N ′N ′‐dimethylamides: conformational properties from infrare…
2005
The FTIR spectra were analysed in the region of the nu(s)(N-H), AI(C=O) and nu(s)(Calpha=Cbeta) bands for a series of Ac-DeltaXaa-NMe2, where DeltaXaa = DeltaAla, (Z)-DeltaAbu, (Z)-DeltaLeu, (Z)-DeltaPhe and DeltaVal, to determine a predominant solution conformation of these alpha,beta-dehydropeptide-related molecules. Measurements were taken in CCl4, DCM and MeCN solutions. In the same way, spectra of saturated analogues Ac-Xaa-NMe2, where Xaa = Ala, Abu, Leu, Phe and Val, were investigated. To help interpret the spectroscopic results, conformational maps were calculated by the B3LYP/6-31+G** method. Also, the relative energies of all conformers of the dehydro compounds in vacuo as well as…
Substrate specificity overlap and interaction between Adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP/ABCD1) and Adrenoleukodystrophy-related protein (ALDRP/ABCD2)
2011
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which encodes a peroxisomal member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamily D called ALDP. ALDP is supposed to function as a homodimer allowing the entry of CoA-esters of very-long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) into the peroxisome, the unique site of their β-oxidation. ALDP deficiency can be corrected by overexpression of ALDRP, its closest homolog. However, the exact nature of the substrates transported by ALDRP and its relationships with ALDP still remain unclear. To gain insight into the function of ALDRP, we used cell models allowing the induction in a dose-dependent m…