Search results for "acids"

showing 10 items of 3520 documents

Complement and atherogenesis: The unknown connection

1999

The question why low-density lipoprotein (LDL) stranded in the subendothelium of arteries should acquire the proinflammatory properties that initiate and sustain atherogenesis has puzzled researchers for decades. The most popular concept contends that oxidative processes are crucial because oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) produced in vitro has atherogenic properties and small amounts of it are found in atherosclerotic lesions. Recently, a possible role for vascular infections has also been considered because infectious agents, in particular Chlamydia pneumoniae, are sometimes present in the lesions. Here, evidence is summarized for a different concept of atherogenesis, which evolves from the fact tha…

ArteriosclerosisVascular diseaseInflammationGeneral MedicineChlamydia InfectionsChlamydophila pneumoniaeMacrophage ActivationBiologymedicine.diseaseProinflammatory cytokineLipoproteins LDLPathogenesischemistry.chemical_compoundImmune systemchemistryLow-density lipoproteinImmunologymedicineHumansMacrophagelipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)medicine.symptomComplement ActivationLipoproteinAnnals of Medicine
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Pharmacological blockade of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) alters neural proliferation, apoptosis and gliosis in the rat hippocampus, hypothal…

2015

Endocannabinoids participate in the control of neurogenesis, neural cell death and gliosis. The pharmacological effect of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which limits the endocannabinoid degradation, was investigated in the present study. Cell proliferation (phospho-H3(+) or BrdU(+) cells) of the main adult neurogenic zones as well as apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3(+)), astroglia (GFAP(+)), and microglia (Iba1(+) cells) were analyzed in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum of rats intraperitoneally treated with URB597 (0.3 mg/kg/day) at one dose/4-days resting or 5 doses (1 dose/day). Repeated URB597 treatment increased the plasma levels of the N-acylethanolamine…

AstrocitosNeurobiologia del desenvolupamentAmidohidrolasasCannabinoid receptorCarbamatos:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins::Caspases [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Differentiation::Neurogenesis [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.medical_treatment:Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Monosaccharides::Hexoses::Glucose [Medical Subject Headings]Apoptosis:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compound:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors Cell Surface::Receptors G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors Cannabinoid::Receptor Cannabinoid CB1 [Medical Subject Headings]0302 clinical medicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Carboxylic Acids::Acids Acyclic::Carbamates [Medical Subject Headings]Fatty acid amide hydrolaseReceptor cannabinoide CB1:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals [Medical Subject Headings]FAAHGliosishealth care economics and organizations:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleosides::Deoxyribonucleosides::Deoxyuridine::Bromodeoxyuridine [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Glycerides::Triglycerides [Medical Subject Headings]Original Research0303 health sciencesNeurogenesisBenzamidas:Chemicals and Drugs::Polycyclic Compounds::Steroids::Cholestanes::Cholestenes::Cholesterol [Medical Subject Headings]Endocannabinoid systemEtanolaminas3. Good healthEndocannabinoides:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Fatty Acids Monounsaturated::Oleic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]CannabinoidesMicroglíalipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)medicine.symptomColesterol:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Terpenes::Cannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Palmitic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]psychological phenomena and processesProliferación celularmedicine.medical_specialtyCerebroNeurogenesiseducationBiologyBromodesoxiuridina:Anatomy::Nervous System::Neuroglia::Microglia [Medical Subject Headings]Triglicéridoslcsh:RC321-571Ácidos oléicosRatas03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceInternal medicineHipocampomedicineCaspasa 3:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hippocampus [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Growth Processes::Cell Proliferation [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry030304 developmental biologyPalmitoylethanolamide:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Amidohydrolases [Medical Subject Headings]Cannabinoids:Anatomy::Cells::Neuroglia::Astrocytes [Medical Subject Headings]Peso corporalEnergy metabolism:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hypothalamus [Medical Subject Headings]URB597:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Gliosis [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amines::Amino Alcohols::Ethanolamines [Medical Subject Headings]Muerte celular:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death::Apoptosis [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats [Medical Subject Headings]EndocrinologyURB597chemistryGliosisnervous systemGlucosaCannabinoidEnergy Metabolism:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Benzamides [Medical Subject Headings]HipotálamoÁcidos palmíticos030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeuroscienceFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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Modulation of dendritic cells and macrophages : implication in cancer and atherosclerosis

2010

During my thesis, I studied the cytotoxic function of dendritic cells (DC) from cancer patients and compared it to DC from healthy donors. Our results indicate that human monocyte-derived DC can acquire strong cytotoxic activity toward tumor cells after activation with low dose of LPS. The cytotoxic potential of DC derived from cancer patients was almost the same as the one generated from healthy donors. We identified the tumor cell killing mechanism which involves peroxynitrite release. After killing of cancer cells, DC are capable of engulfing dead tumor cell fragments and overexpress the costimulatory molecules necessary for T cell proliferation. A second study consisted in an analysis o…

Athérosclérose[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathologyCellules dendritiquesMacrophages[ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathologyDentritic cellslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Atherosclerosis[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathologyCancer
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Validation of a novel automatic deposition of bacteria and yeasts on MALDI target for MALDI-TOF MS-based identification using MALDI Colonyst robot

2017

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) -based identification of bacteria and fungi significantly changed the diagnostic process in clinical microbiology. We describe here a novel technique for bacterial and yeast deposition on MALDI target using an automated workflow resulting in an increase of the microbes' score of MALDI identification. We also provide a comparison of four different sample preparation methods. In the first step of the study, 100 Gram-negative bacteria, 100 Gram-positive bacteria, 20 anaerobic bacteria and 20 yeasts were spotted on the MALDI target using manual deposition, semi-extraction, wet deposition onto 70% formic …

Atmospheric ScienceCarboxylic Acidslcsh:MedicineAnaerobic BacteriaResearch and Analysis MethodsMicrobiologyMass SpectrometryAnalytical ChemistryAutomationSpectrum Analysis TechniquesYeastsEnvironmental Chemistrylcsh:ScienceMatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass SpectrometryGram Negative BacteriaBacteriaOrganic Compoundslcsh:REcology and Environmental SciencesGram Positive BacteriaFormic AcidOrganic ChemistryOrganismsFungiChemical CompoundsBiology and Life SciencesEukaryotaBacteriologyRoboticsYeastChemistryAtmospheric ChemistrySpectrometry Mass Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationPhysical SciencesEarth Scienceslcsh:QAcid DepositionAcidsResearch ArticlePLoS ONE
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Organosulfates in atmospheric aerosol: synthesis and quantitative analysis of pm<sub>2.5</sub> from xi'an, northwestern c…

2018

Abstract. The sources, formation mechanism and amount of organosulfates (OS) in atmospheric aerosol are not yet well understood, partly due to the lack of authentic standards for quantification. In this study, we report an improved robust procedure for the synthesis of organosulfates with different functional groups. Nine authentic organosulfate standards were synthesized and four standards (benzyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, glycolic acid sulfate, and hydroxyacetone sulfate) were used to quantify their ambient concentrations. The authentic standards and ambient aerosol samples were analyzed using an optimized ultra performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrom…

Atmospheric Scienceparticulate organosulfates010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences010501 environmental sciences01 natural scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundambient aerosolhaze eventsSulfateGlycolic acid0105 earth and related environmental sciencesDetection limitTotal organic carbondicarboxylic-acidsHydroxyacetonemass-spectrometryAerosolaromatic organosulfateschemistryEnvironmental chemistrychemical-compositionarctic aerosolsisopreneQuantitative analysis (chemistry)secondary organic aerosolOrganosulfate
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Invasive Observation by Atomic Force Microscope of a Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayer of Gramicidin

2002

The properties of gramicidin, a linear antibiotic polypeptide of 15 amino acids, have been studied at the air-water interface. Analysis of the pressure-area isotherm is not able to conclude about the conformational behavior of gramicidin in the monolayer. Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of gramicidin layers onto a mica substrate has been developed for atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations. At high pressure of deposition, the gramicidin monolayer is composed of dimers perpendicular to the surface. The possibility of removing the half upper part of this dimer monolayer with the AFM tip is more in favor of a structure of single-stranded helical dimers.

Atomic force microscopyDimertechnology industry and agricultureMedicine (miscellaneous)Langmuir–Blodgett filmchemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographychemistryHigh pressureMonolayerpolycyclic compoundsGramicidinlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Mica substrateDeposition (law)Probe Microscopy
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Triterpenes and fatty acids from the rhyzomes of Atractylis gummifera L

1999

It is reported the investigation of the light petroleum ether extract of the rhizomes of Atractylis gummifera L. GC-MS analysis and medium pressure chromatographies afforded the presence of seven fatty acids and of the following triterpenes: lupenyl acetate, α-amyrin acetate, β-amyrin acetate, taraxasterol acetate, α-amyrin, lupeol, β-amyrin, taraxasterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, betulin, erythrodiol, uvaol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and betulinic acid.

Atractylis gummifera L.RhyzomesFatty acidsTriterpenes
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Cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation modulates spontaneous contractile activity in mouse ileal longitudinal muscle.

2007

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether cannabinoid receptor agonists influence spontaneous contractile activity of longitudinal muscle in mouse ileum in vitro. Isolated segments of mouse ileum displayed spontaneous contractions with an amplitude and frequency of about 300 mg and 30 cpm, respectively. The endocannabinoid anandamide (1-100 microM), the selective cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonist, ACEA (0.1 microM-10 microM), but not the selective cannabinoid CB(2) receptor agonist, JWH 133 (0.1 microM-10 microM), reduced in a concentration-dependent manner the spontaneous mechanical activity. The inhibitory effect consisted in a decrease of the mean amplitude of longitudinal…

AtropineMaleAgonistmedicine.medical_specialtyCB1 receptorIndolesCannabinoid receptorPolyunsaturated Alkamidesmedicine.drug_classmedicine.medical_treatmentMouse ileumArachidonic AcidsTetrodotoxinIn Vitro TechniquesDepolarization-induced suppression of inhibitionHexamethoniumReceptor Cannabinoid CB2Micechemistry.chemical_compoundPiperidinesReceptor Cannabinoid CB1IleumInternal medicineCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsmedicineAnimalsCannabinoidPharmacologyDose-Response Relationship DrugCannabinoidsChemistryMuscle SmoothCannabinoid Receptor AgonistsReceptor antagonistEndocannabinoid systemAcetylcholineMice Inbred C57BLNG-Nitroarginine Methyl EsterEndocrinologyApaminJWH-133PyrazolesCannabinoidRimonabantSpontaneous mechanical activityEndocannabinoidsMuscle Contraction
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Immunomodulatory role of statins in autoimmune disease: is there a role for human gamma delta T cells ?

2006

Immunomodulatory role of statins in autoimmune disease: is there a role for human γδT cells?

Autoimmune diseaseSTIMULATIONHistorybusiness.industryRECOGNITIONnutritional and metabolic diseasesmedicine.diseaseMETABOLITESComputer Science ApplicationsEducationDELTA T-CELLSImmunologyMedicinelipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)cardiovascular diseasesbusinessγδt cells
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Comparison of Components Released by Fermented or Active Dried Yeasts after Aging on Lees in a Model Wine

2003

Comparison of different components released during autolysis with fermented or active dried yeast, which has never been reported previously, is related in this paper. Three autolysates were elaborated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a model wine (pH 3.5) at 30 or 18 degrees C. Composition of the autolysate appears to depend on both the growth medium and the physiological state of the yeast. The autolysate obtained from active dried yeast presents a higher total nitrogen concentration (a factor of 1.5-1.9 for the fermented yeast autolysate), a greater proportion of free amino acids (42 vs 16-25%), the lowest proportion of oligopeptides (25 vs 31-37%) and polypeptides (27 vs 45-34%), and an …

Autolysis (biology)NitrogenSaccharomyces cerevisiaeWineSaccharomyces cerevisiaeBiologyEthanol fermentationLeeschemistry.chemical_compoundFood scienceAmino AcidsGlucansWineGrowth mediumMembrane GlycoproteinsBacteriaHydrolysisMonosaccharidesProteinsNucleosidesGeneral Chemistrybiology.organism_classificationYeastBiochemistrychemistryFermentationFermentationPeptidesGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesOligopeptidesJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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