Search results for "activities"

Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor-1 Gene Variation and Medication Load Influence White Matter Structure in Schizophrenia

2014

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have shown a widespread disruption of white matter (WM) microstructure in schizophrenia. Furthermore, higher fractional anisotropy (FA) has been consistently correlated with the severity of psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) affect lipid homeostasis. Gene polymorphisms in sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor (SREBF)-1 and SREBF-2 have been associated with schizophrenia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a sample of 65 patients affected by chronic schizophrenia, we investigated the effect of ongoing APD medication, SREBF-1 rs11868035<b> </b>polymo…

Incidence and prevalence of injuries in futsal: A systematic review of the literature

2021

Futsal athletes are exposed to a high number of injures. Purpose: This study aimed to gather data on the injures produced in futsal, attending to the prevalence, part of the body injured, type of injury and mechanism, and severity. Also, to evaluate the influence that sociodemographic factors and the position on the pitch may have on the injuries. Finally, we pursued to summarize the prevention strategies proposed by the expert literature. Design: Different search strategies were entered in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Sport Discuss databases. Results: 36 articles were selected to be reviewed. Futsal is situated among the sports with the highest injury incidence, being the main body …

SIRT1 regulation of insulin-signalling pathways in liver, white adipose tissue and pancreas during fasting or calorie restriction

2007

In an excellent review by Yang et al.[1], published in issue 5 of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, the involvement of the human sirtuin SIRT1 in nutrient-sensing and insulin-signalling pathways is explained. The regulation of SIRT1 with fasting in liver, pancreas and white adipose tissue is illustrated (see Figure 2 of Yang et al.). We consider that the depiction in the article by Yang et al. could be misleading for the reader, and we propose a modified version (Figure 1).

Effects of juvenile hormone analogues upon soldier differentiation in the termite Reticulitermes santonensis (Rhinotermitidae, Heterotermitinae).

2018

Under the influence of juvenile hormone analogues (JHAs), termite workers are induced to differentiate into soldiers. In Reticulitermes santonensis, such induced differentiation is often incomplete, resulting in intercaste production. The morphology of the structures most affected during differentiation was analyzed descriptively and biometrically in normal workers, presoldiers, and soldiers, and in experimental intercastes. We observed that intercastes form a morphological and biometrical continuum between workers and presoldiers (presoldier intercastes), and between presoldiers and soldiers (soldier intercastes). We also compared the biochemistry of the normal individuals and of the inter…

Cardiorespiratory responses to basic aquatic exercise – A pilot study

2006

This study aimed to examine cardiorespiratory responses to six basic aquatic exercises and to compare the impact of the exercises between healthy females (H group, n=10) and females with diagnosed cardiopulmonary diseases (C group, n=10). The average age of the participants was 52.6(±5.9) years. Each exercise was performed for 3 min. During the exercises, heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), blood lactate concentration (BLA), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. In each pair of exercises, the latter part was more strenuous than the first. Walking in place was least and cross-country skiing the most strenuous mode of exercise. Energy expenditure (EE) ranged between 2.5±0…

2021

Purpose: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) positively influences bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal children, but it is unknown whether this relationship is partially mediated by free leptin index. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between MVPA and total body less head (TBLH) BMC is mediated or moderated by free leptin index in prepubertal children. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 401 children (194 girls) from baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Childhood Study. We applied the four-way decomposition mediation analysis method to assess whether free leptin index, measured from fasted blood samples, …

The effect of conventional movement training and trampoline training on balance and gait in chronic hemiplegic patients

1991

The postural sway of subjects during standing both with their eyes open and closed together with maximum velocity of walking were analysed in six male chronic hemiplegic patients before, during and after an intensive movement training programme lasting 8 weeks. The movement training programme was carried out on the basis of Bobath's principles. Three of the subjects carried out their training on a trampoline, with the particular purpose of enhancing the stimulation of the mechanisms responsible for the control of balance. During the follow-up, maximal walking velocity remained at previous levels and no systematic changes were observed in the control of postural sway. Although the use of the…

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN BICEPS FEMORIS FASCICLE LENGTH AND PENNATION ANGLE AFTER A SIMULATED SOCCER MATCH

2017

Background Hamstring Strain Injuries (HSIs) represent 12% of all injuries in soccer players, and their incidence has increased in recent years. Between 53%-84% of HSIs involve the Biceps femoris muscle (BF). Recent studies have shown that soccer players with shorter BF fascicle length (FL) suffer more HSIs and exhibit regional differences in FL and pennation angle (PA) along BF. It is unclear whether there is any regional difference in the degree of change of these parameters after a soccer match. Objective Describe changes in BF muscle architecture after a simulated soccer match. Design Controlled laboratory study. Pre and Post single session. Setting Laboratory. Amateur Level. Participant…

Resistance exercise-induced hormonal response under the influence of delayed onset muscle soreness in men and boys

2010

It was hypothesized that exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD)-related alterations in hormonal responses could be observed if a second exercise bout is performed soon after an identical unaccustomed bout leading to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Eight men (31 ± 7 years) and eight boys (14 ± 0 years) performed two exercise bouts (E1 and E2, with 48 h rest in between) consisting of three sets of bilateral knee extensions until exhaustion with 40% load. No differences between the groups or bouts were observed in the number of repetitions performed and maximal isometric force decline, or between groups in serum creatine kinase activity and DOMS. Decreased peak epinephrine (EPI) (-38%), g…

Physical activity on days with and without soccer practice in 12-13-year-old boys

2019

Introduction: Majority of children are unable to meet the recommended 60min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Even participation into organized sport may not guarantee that recommended amount of activity is reached. Objectives: Purpose of this study was to examine the amount and intensity of physical activity (PA) on days with and without practices and to find out whether daytime PA preceding soccer practice is associated with certain practice-time PA intensity level. Methods: Daily light, moderate and vigorous PA of 18 boys between 12 and 13 years of age engaged in soccer was measured for 9 days with and without soccer practices with wrist-worn Polar A300 activity met…