Search results for "adaptation"
showing 10 items of 1775 documents
Ecological, morphological and genetic characterization of sympatric Haemonchus spp. parasites of domestic ruminants in Mauritania
1995
SUMMARYThe 4 species of ruminants (dromedary, zebu cattle, sheep and goat) in arid areas of Mauritania harboured Haemonchus spp. as the most frequent internal parasite. This was a rare situation where the 3 putative species, H. longistipes (dromedary), H. placet (zebu cattle) and H. contortus (sheep and goat) occurred sympatrically. The study was undertaken on hosts slaughtered at the Nouakchott abattoir, on the basis of monthly collection of worms. The environment was very unfavourable to H. placei and unfavourable to H. contortus, as intensity of infection remained low throughout the year, whereas infection in the dromedary was 10 to 20-fold higher. The survival strategies during the long…
Mental health and psychosocial support strategies in highly contagious emerging disease outbreaks of substantial public concern: A systematic scoping…
2021
Background Acute disease outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic cause a high burden of psychological distress in people worldwide. Interventions to enable people to better cope with such distress should be based on the best available evidence. We therefore performed a scoping review to systematically identify and summarize the available literature of interventions that target the distress of people in the face of highly contagious disease outbreaks. Methods MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science (January 2000 to May 7, 2020), and reference lists were systematically searched and screened by two independent reviewers. Quantitative and qualitative studies investigating the effects of psyc…
LOCAL ADAPTATION, RESISTANCE, AND VIRULENCE IN A HEMIPARASITIC PLANT-HOST PLANT INTERACTION
2000
Coevolution may lead to local adaptation of parasites to their sympatric hosts. Locally adapted parasites are, on average, more infectious to sympatric hosts than to allopatric hosts of the same species or their fitness on the sympatric hosts is superior to that on allopatric hosts. We tested local adaptation of a hemiparasitic plant, Rhinanthus serotinus (Scrophulariaceae), to its host plant, the grass Agrostis capillaris. Using a reciprocal cross-infection experiment, we exposed host plants from four sites to hemiparasites originating from the same four sites in a common environment. The parasites were equally able to establish haustorial connections to sympatric and allopatric hosts, and…
Adaptation to iron deficiency in human pathogenic fungi
2020
Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all eukaryotic organisms and plays a central role during microbial infections. Invasive fungal diseases are associated with strikingly high rates of mortality, but their impact on human health is usually underestimated. Upon a fungal infection, hosts restrict iron availability in order to limit the growth and virulence of the pathogen. Here, we use two model yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, to delve into the response to iron deficiency of human fungal pathogens, such as Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans. Fungi possess common and species-specific mechanisms to a…
Boceprevir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection
2011
Marina Berenguer1, F Xavier López-Labrador2,31Hepatology-Liver Transplantation Unit, Digestive Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari La Fe, and National Network Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBEREHD Spain; 2CSISP, Center for Public Health Research, Public Health Department, Generalitat Valenciana and Microbioloy Department/Institut Cavanilles, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 3National Network Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERESP SpainAbstract: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health problem. The current standard-of-care…
Channel Capacity in Psychovisual Deep-Nets: Gaussianization Versus Kozachenko-Leonenko
2020
In this work, we quantify how neural networks designed from biology using no statistical training have a remarkable performance in information theoretic terms. Specifically, we address the question of the amount of information that can be extracted about the images from the different layers of psychophysically tuned deep networks. We show that analytical approaches are not possible, and we propose the use of two empirical estimators of capacity: the classical Kozachenko-Lonenko estimator and a recent estimator based on Gaussianization. Results show that networks purely based on visual psychophysics are extremely efficient in two aspects: (1) the internal representation of these networks dup…
Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): a prediction error signal in the visual modality
2015
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8
Panel Summary: Plasticity and Reconfigurability in Sensory Systems
1997
Natural neural network are highly plastic in structure and function and may adapt to long lasting environmental changes. Plasticity and adaptation are not confined to lower level of processing, or to lower vertebrates, but also at the higher levels of visual processing in higher vertebrates are highly dynamic and perform considerable spatial integration. There are numerous influences that play a role in the functional architecture of the retina and the, cortex, the dynamics of the outside environment, the context within which a feature is presented, the history of previous visual stimulation and attention or expectation. The brief report on the visual system is integrated by the report of G…
Oral administration of vitamin C decreases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in endurance performance
2008
Background Exercise practitioners often take vitamin C supplements because intense muscular contractile activity can result in oxidative stress, as indicated by altered muscle and blood glutathione concentrations and increases in protein, DNA, and lipid peroxidation. There is, however, considerable debate regarding the beneficial health effects of vitamin C supplementation. Objective This study was designed to study the effect of vitamin C on training efficiency in rats and in humans. Design The human study was double-blind and randomized. Fourteen men (27-36 y old) were trained for 8 wk. Five of the men were supplemented daily with an oral dose of 1 g vitamin C. In the animal study, 24 mal…
Erosion des sols viticoles et adaptation aux changements : vulnérabilité, diagnostic et stratégie d'adaptation. De l’adaptation des pratiques à la ré…
2018
International audience