Search results for "adaptation"
showing 10 items of 1775 documents
The Role of Meaning in Life Within the Relations of Religious Coping and Psychological Well-Being.
2014
The purpose of this study was to examine whether meaning in life understood in terms of presence, search, and personal meaning is a mediator in the relationships between religious coping and psychological well-being. Associations of religiousness and psychological well-being are complex and suggest the existence of meaning and purpose in their internal structures. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, presence of meaning in life was a mediator between negative coping and psychological well-being in the scope of a total score and all its dimensions. Search for meaning in life did not mediate the above relations. In Study 2, personal meaning turned out to be a partial mediator between negat…
Visual gravity influences arm movement planning.
2012
International audience; When submitted to a visuomotor rotation, subjects show rapid adaptation of visually guided arm reaching movements, indicated by a progressive reduction in reaching errors. In this study, we wanted to make a step forward by investigating to what extent this adaptation also implies changes into the motor plan. Up to now, classical visuomotor rotation paradigms have been performed on the horizontal plane, where the reaching motor plan in general requires the same kinematics (i.e., straight path and symmetric velocity profile). To overcome this limitation, we considered vertical and horizontal movement directions requiring specific velocity profiles. This way, a change i…
Acute change of titin at mid-sarcomere remains despite 8 wk of plyometric training
2014
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate skeletal muscle changes induced by an acute bout of plyometric exercise (PlyEx) both before and after PlyEx training, to understand if titin is affected differently after PlyEx training. Methods: Healthy untrained individuals (N=11) completed the 1stPlyEx (10x10 squat-jumps, 1min rest). Thereafter, 6 subjects completed 8 weeks of PlyEx, while 5 controls abstained from any jumping activity. Seven days after the last training session all subjects completed the 2ndPlyEx. Blood samples were collected before, 6 hours and 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after each acute bout of PlyEx, and muscle biopsies 4 days before and 3 days after each acute bout of Pl…
Self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in major depressive disorder
2013
Cognitive reappraisal and acceptance are two presumably adaptive emotion regulation strategies in depression. More recently, self-compassion has been discussed as another potentially effective strategy for coping with depression. In the present study, we compared the effectiveness of self-compassion with a waiting condition, reappraisal, and acceptance in a clinically depressed sample, and tested the hypothesis that the intensity of depressed mood would moderate the differential efficacy of these strategies. In an experimental design, we induced depressed mood at four points in time in 48 participants meeting criteria for major depressive disorder. After each mood induction, participants we…
Aging, muscle fiber type, and contractile function in sprint-trained athletes
2006
Biopsy samples were taken from the vastus lateralis of 18- to 84-yr-old male sprinters ( n = 91). Fiber-type distribution, cross-sectional area, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content were identified using ATPase histochemistry and SDS-PAGE. Specific tension and maximum shortening velocity ( Vo) were determined in 144 single skinned fibers from younger (18–33 yr, n = 8) and older (53–77 yr, n = 9) runners. Force-time characteristics of the knee extensors were determined by using isometric contraction. The cross-sectional area of type I fibers was unchanged with age, whereas that of type II fibers was reduced ( P < 0.001). With age there was an increased MHC I ( P < 0.01) and re…
Enabling resources in people with dementia: a qualitative study about nurses’ strategies that may support a sense of coherence in people with dementia
2015
Aims and objectives To explore nurses’ strategies that may support the sense of coherence in people with dementia. Background People with dementia are often described as people with no resources, people who need support from family or from healthcare personnel to function in everyday life. Despite the disease, some people still have the resources needed to cope well with parts of their lives and experience coherence. To date, no research has explored any nurses’ strategies that may support the sense of coherence in people with dementia. Design The design of the study is qualitative and exploratory. Methods Data were collected by participant observation and focus group interviews. Sixteen re…
Dependence of Perceived Purity of a Chromatic Stimulus on Saturation Adaptation
2012
Background and Objective. The purpose of sensory adaptation of the visual system is to adjust sensitivity of the photoreceptors to optimize the dynamic range of response of the visual system. It has been shown in numerous research papers that chromatic adaptation influences both color appearance and color discrimination. However, there are almost no studies in which the influence of chromatic adaptation on perceived purity has been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how chromatic adaptation to stimuli with certain saturation influences perceived purity of test stimuli with the same hue but different saturation. Material and Methods. As the stimuli were modulat…
Voxel-based morphometry depicts central compensation after vestibular neuritis.
2010
Objective Patients who have had vestibular neuritis (VN) show a remarkable clinical improvement especially in gait and posture >6 months after disease onset. Methods Voxel-based morphometry was used to detect the VN-induced changes in gray and white matter by means of structural magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-two patients were compared an average 2.5 years after onset of VN to a healthy sex-and age-matched control group. Results Our analysis revealed that all patients had signal intensity increases for gray matter in the medial vestibular nuclei and the right gracile nucleus and for white matter in the area of the pontine commissural vestibular fibers. A relative atrophy was observed in…
Adaptation to life after surgical removal of the bladder—an application of graphical Markov models for analysing longitudinal data
2004
Graphical Markov models have been developed particularly for the analysis of observational data. They allow the control of various background variables when analysing theoretically relevant associations. This paper demonstrates the application and some advantages of graphical Markov models in comparison to conventional statistical analyses. The aim of the study was to identify patients at risk for developing decreased health-related quality of life (QoL) after cystectomy and to explore the influence of coping on QoL in this situation. Therefore, the method was applied to analyse the data of a prospective study, in which 81 patients with bladder cancer were interviewed pre-operatively and in…
Studies on adaptation to complete dentures. Part II: Oral stereognosis and tactile sensibility
1995
High oral perception is thought to contribute to poor adaptation to new dentures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral stereognosis and tactile sensibility in edentate subjects and relate these to patient age and capability of adaptation to new prostheses. A total of 67 patients were provided with new complete dentures 2-3 weeks before the experiment. In 54 subjects, the oral stereognosis was evaluated by 12 different test-pieces, which were placed unseen on the tongue and had to be recognized. In 38 patients, the oral tactile sensibility was determined in the premolar area using copper foils. The capability of adaptation was evaluated by a questionnaire. Denture retention was ass…